Lecture 9 - Intelligence Flashcards
Name some examples of modern IQ tests:
Stanford-Binet
Weschler tests (for different age groups and cultures)
Ravens progressive matrices
What was a fatal flaw in sterns IQ test and how has it been altered today to control for this?
Originally, the IQ test was a measure of ones mental age over their chronologic age. However, this meant that there was a restriction of range and was not valid across the lifespan (ie adulthood - does IQ really stay stable). Today IQ standardises test results to make a normal distribution and individual results are compared to that
What 4 things need to be tested to ensure quality control?
Validity- does it measure what it is suppose to measure?
Reliability - does it consistently measure what it is suppose to measure?
Standardisation - conditions the same for all tests taken
Norms - is their a translation of raw scores into a scaled equivalent for comparison ?
What are 3 cognitive correlates of IQ?
- Working memory
- Information processing speed (lexical access speed, choice reaction time)
- Inspection time (accuracy/speed trade off)
What are the 5 biological correlates of IQ?
- Lower glucose consumption (energy) for people with higher IQ
- Heritability
- Nutrition - poor nutrition when young predicts lower IQ
- Lead exposure
5 . Prenatal exposures eg alcohol
What is the Flynn effect? What does it suggest?
The Flynn effect finds that after each generation, the average IQ moves up 3 points. Could suggest that people are getter smarter.
What are 2 explanations for why males are thought to be better at visual- spatial tasks than females?
- Upbringing - more encouragement to play with blocks, Lego etc
- Testosterone - evidence to show that as testosterone decreases, so do results on visual- spatial task
What intelligence task are females better than males typically ?
Verbal subtasks
Explain race differences of IQ in the US.
Asian Americans said to be 1-10 points higher in IQ than Caucasians
African Americans said to be up to 15 points lower than Caucasians
What is the psychometrics model 1 based upon? What two people support this model?
The first psychometrics model is based on the correlations between IQ and IQ task tests. Thustones test compares 7 primary mental capabilities and Guliford compares 120 factors of intelligence
What is the general gist of the second psychometrics model?
The second psychometrics model suggests that there are multiple types of intelligence
What classification did spearman break intelligence into?
The g factor (general factor) and the s factor (specific factor)
How did cattell further divide intelligence?
Cattell suggests that g is broken down into fluid intelligence (abstract thinking, reasoning etx) and crystallised intelligence (accumulation of knowledge, vocab etc)
And how many things did Carroll divide G intelligence into?
8 - 6 in addition to crystallised and fluid intelligence
What does the anthropological approach to intelligence aim to do?
The anthropological approach says that intelligence differs from culture to culture because of different cultural norms and emphasises on different intelligent aspects. The anthropological approach therefore aims to make culture fair and relevant tests.
