Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the two ways of learning? Give an example of each.
Learning can be associative or non-associative. An example of associative learning is classical or operant conditioning. An example of non-associative learning is habituation.
What are the 4 elements of the definition of learning?
A change occurs
The change is long lasting
Change comes from an experience and practice
Context or learning situation important
What is habituation? How does it occur?
Habituation is the process of getting used to a novel stimuli. It begins with an orientating response-where the organism susses out the stimuli and then when the organism learns that there is no significance to the stimuli-habituation has taken place.
What is the opposite of habituation and what does it involve?
The opposite of habituation is sensation. It occurs when the novel stimuli is learned to be dangerous and this avoided.
Who are the key 3 figures in associative learning and what were their major works?
Ivan Pavlov- classical conditioning
John Watson - little Albert (classical conditioning)
BF skinner- operant conditioning
What is the definition of associative learning?
Organisms learn to associate certain stimuli and responses with each other.
Which of the following is an example of associative learning? Habituation Innate response tendencies Little Albert Maturation Fatigue
Little Albert- the rest are examples of non associative learning
What is a metaphor for behavioural psychology and cognitive psychology?
Behavioural- blank box - people are a product of their environments - environment goes in and a behaviour goes out
Cognitive- computer processor- information goes in, it gets interpreted and processed and an outcome comes out
What does tabula rosa mean and what psyc paradigm world it support?
Tabula rosa means born with a blank slate and that people are a product of their environments. Support of behaviourist approach.
What is a flaw in the information processing model of cognitive psyc?
Assumes information flow is parallel and linear- but we now know this not to be true.
What is and what are some examples of higher level cognition?
Higher level cognition deals with abstract and conceptual processes in cognition. Eg Mental imagery, language, intelligence, communication
What is and what are some examples of lower level cognition?
Lower level cognition deals with things that are close to input from our senses eg. Senses, perception, memory
