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LEC.185 > Lecture 9- Hurricaines > Flashcards

Lecture 9- Hurricaines Flashcards

1
Q

How long does the average hurricane last?

A

One week

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2
Q

Why is predicting earthquake path difficult?

A

The paths of motion are high erratic

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3
Q

In what direction to hurricanes rotate in the northern hemisphere?

A

In an anticlockwise direction

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4
Q

At what height does hurricane outflow occur?

A

9km

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5
Q

Roughly what size is the eye of a hurricane?

A

3.5 km in size

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6
Q

Roughly how large is a hurricane eye wall?

A

16-40 km in size

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7
Q

Which region of the hurricane has extremely turbulent air and the most instability?

A

The eye wall

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8
Q

What is the name given to the zone of hyper-intense rainfall surrounding a hurricane?

A

Rain bands

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9
Q

What is the average size of rain bands?

A

600km diameter (highly variable)

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10
Q

What are the three key hazards associated with hurricanes, and what are their effects?

A
  1. Storm surges (brings heavy flooding, particularly in low-lying areas)
  2. Heavy rainfall (causes flash flooding as land doesn’t have to drainage capacity to cope with such a high influx)
  3. Strong winds (can uproot tress, pick up debris and physically push buildings to collapse)
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11
Q

How early do storm surges often arrive prior to a hurricane?

A

6-12 hours early

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12
Q

What is the typically rainfall intensity from a hurricane (in cm)

A

15-40 cm in a few hours

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13
Q

What MUST be the wind speed for hurricane formation?

A

119 km/h

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14
Q

At which latitudes do hurricanes typically form?

A

5-30 degrees N/S

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15
Q

How many, on average, hurricanes occur annually?

A

45

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16
Q

How are hurricanes named in the Atlantic?

A

Alternate male and female years starting with A

17
Q

How are hurricanes named in the west pacific?

A

14 nations submit 10 names to a list, and these names are then randomly assigned to storm events

18
Q

How does pressure change with distance from the eye?

A

It decreases

19
Q

Where is wind speed typically greatest?

A

In the eye wall

20
Q

When is hurricane intensity greatest?

A

When storm centre velocity and hurricane wind velocity are in the SAME DIRECTION

21
Q

Where is hurricane velocity greatest for a northward travelling hurricane in the northern hemisphere? Why?

A

On the eastern side, as storm centre velocity and hurricane wind velocity are travelling in the SAME DIRECTION

22
Q

What is the storm centre velocity?

A

The average speed of the ENTIRE STORM.

23
Q

What is the average storm centre velocity?

A

40-60km/hr. however thi can exceed 100km/hr

24
Q

What is the hurricane wind velocity?

A

The speed of rotating wind within the hurricane.

25
Q

How is hurricane wind velocity characterised?

A

On a scale of 1-5 on the Saffir Simpson Scale

26
Q

Give the location and date of three past storm surge events associated with hurricanes

A
  1. Bangladesh 1970
  2. New Orleans (Katrina) 2005
  3. New York (sandy) 2012
27
Q

Why are hurricanes faster as greater latitudes?

A

Because the Coriolanus force is stronger

28
Q

When is peak hurricane and tornado season in America?

A

Tornado: April-June
Hurricane: July-October

29
Q

What two steps are employed to reduce vulnerability to hurricanes?

A
  1. Forecasting and monitoring

2. Wind+storm surge defence

30
Q

How do monitoring systems detect hurricanes?

A

Via satellite monitoring

31
Q

How early is a hurricaine warning issued before landfall by the NOAA in Florida?

A

28 hours

32
Q

What observational data is analysed in hurricane monitoring?

A

Are pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed

33
Q

What happens to hurricane observational data?

A

It’s then put into statistical models that are based off the actions of past hurricanes

34
Q

What is a popular model for storm surge prediction?

A

Sea lake and overland surges from hurricaines (SLOSH)

35
Q

What si initially issued when a potential hurricane is detected, and what is issued when it is likely to make landfall?

A

A watch, and then a warning

36
Q

What are the margins of error associated with 72 hour and 24 hour forecasts?

A

72 hour: 160km

24 hour: 65 km

37
Q

What are three common types of wind and storm surge defence?

A
  1. Natural defences (eg. Winds beaches, high dunes, mangrove)
  2. Artificial defences (raised mounds, concrete shelters, sea walls, levees etc)
  3. Building regulations
38
Q

How do rounded walls and pitched roofs contribute to hurricaine protection?

A

They encourage wind flow around the structure

LEC.185 (8 decks)

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