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LEC.185 > Lecture 10- Toranodes > Flashcards

Lecture 10- Toranodes Flashcards

1
Q

What si the average duration of a tornado?

A

15 minutes

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2
Q

How does a tornado form?

A

When a cold and warm front meet, their relative motion to one another causes a vortex of localised rotating air. This creates overturning and strong updrafts, and once lifted VERTICALLY forms a tornado

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3
Q

What s required for tornado formation?

A

A mesocyclone

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4
Q

What is a mesocyclone?

A

A strong rotating updraft that pushes air into the stratosphere

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5
Q

What scale is used to measure tornado?

A

The Enhanced Fujita scale

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6
Q

What percentage of annual earthquakes are classed as EF4 and EF5?

A

Only 2%

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7
Q

What is a waterspout?

A

A tornado over water

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8
Q

Give information on the tri state tornado ( duration, deaths,path,destruction)

A
  • 3.5 hours long
  • killed 700 people
  • destroyed 15000 homes
  • longest path 350km
  • widest path 1.5km
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9
Q

When did the super outbreak occur? How many tornados formed and how many deaths?

A
  • 1974
  • 148 tornados
  • killed 330 across 13 states
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10
Q

What is the average diameter of a tornado?

A

250 m

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11
Q

What si the average pressure at the centre of a tornado?

A

10% greater (or more ) than surroundings

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12
Q

What is the verge path length o a tornado?

A

25km

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13
Q

What is the average forward speed of a tornado?

A

45 km/hr

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14
Q

What is the average duration of a tornado?

A

15 minutes

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15
Q

Who operates the USA tornado warning system?

A

National Oceanic and Atmospere Administration (NOAA)

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16
Q

What are the five steps in the NOAAs tornado warning system?

A
  1. Forecast tornadigenic weather conditions
  2. Issue WATCH alert
  3. Use radar to erect whether a tornado is present.
  4. Issue WARNING if tornado is located
  5. Initiate emergency plans
17
Q

What is the typical warning time for a tornado?

A

Few minutes

18
Q

What is the characteristics cloud that occurs prior to a tornado event?

A

MAMMATUS

19
Q

What colour is the sky typically prior to a tornado event?

A

Dark/green

20
Q

What does satellite imaging look for prior to a tornado event?

A

The top of the mesocyclone in the stratosphere

21
Q

How does infrared detect mesocyclone clouds in the stratosphere?

A

They are cooler than the surrounding clouds

22
Q

How many Doppler stations are present in the USA?

A

155 fixed Doppler stations in the USA

23
Q

What happens to reflected waves when the storm is moving towards the Doppler/radar station?

A

They have shorter wavelengths

24
Q

The greater the Doppler reflection, the grate the what?

A

Rainfall intensity

25
Q

What does Doppler radio detect?

A

Mesocyclones NOT tornadoes

26
Q

How many tornadoes occur annually in tornado valley?

A

Typically 1000 with 100 deaths

LEC.185 (8 decks)

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