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NEUROPATH 1 > Lecture 9 - Headaches > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Headaches Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 primary headache types?

A

tension
migraine
cluster

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2
Q

what are 3 categories of secondary headaches based on etiology?

A
  1. life-threatening conditions (intracranial tumors, bleeding, infections, hypoxia)
  2. less serious conditions (caffeine or analgesic withdrawal)
  3. systemic illness (fever, HBP, sinusitis)
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3
Q

post-traumatic headache is a less specific headache that is associated with…

A

brain injury that maybe localized to injury site of generalized (common associated complaints in addition to head pain are irritability, LOC, memory loss, dizziness)

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4
Q

what are 3 intracranial disorders that are associated with severe headaches?

A 
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
brain tumor (small %)
meningitis
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5
Q

what are 3 traits of severe headaches associated to brain tumor?

A

disrupts sleep
triggered by exertion
causes excessive drowsiness

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6
Q

severe headaches related to intracranial disorders are usually accompanied by other neurological signs such as…

A

weakness
visual disturbances
altered state of consciousness

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7
Q

what is the most common type of primary headache?

A

tension (90% of adults)

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8
Q

what are the 3 subcategories of tension headaches?

A

infrequent (episodic = less than 12 days/year)
frequent (12-180 days/year)
chronic (more than 180 days/ year)

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9
Q

what are 4 etiology and risk factors related to tension headaches?

A

psychological (catastrophizing)
limbic system (area of interest)
lower levels of blood Mg
increased blood flow in cerebral arteries

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10
Q

what 2 hormones are thought to irritate sensory nerves and result in tension headaches?

A

serotonin and bradykinin

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11
Q

T or F: nausea is associated with tension headaches

A

False

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12
Q

what are 3 of the most common precipitating factors of tension headaches?

A

stress, fatigue, not eating on time

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13
Q

amitriptyline is used for ____ tension-type headaches

A

chronic

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14
Q

T or F: migraines are a familial disorder

A

true

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15
Q

migraines are severe recurring headaches, characterized by ____ and. ____ pain

A

sharp

throbbing

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16
Q

migraines are often accompanied by what 4 other symptoms?

A

nausea
vomiting
light sensitive
visual disturbances

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17
Q

T or F: migraines are commonly bilateral

A

false

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18
Q

migraines are widely variable in __________

A

frequency, intensity and duration

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19
Q

what is the second most common type of primary headache?

A

migraine

20
Q

what % of migraines have family history involved?

A

60%

21
Q

what syndrome seems to be a common precursor to migraines and children?

A

cyclic vomiting syndrome

22
Q

individuals susceptible to migraines may also be at risk for other alterations of the nervous system, including….

A

anxiety
depression
chronic pain

23
Q

what hormone drops during migraine attacks?

A

serotonin

24
Q

what are 5 co-morbidities relating to migraine headaches?

A 
HTN (stroke)
allergies
Meniere's disease
Lupus
Epilepsy
25
Q

define ‘aura’

A

a sensation perceived by a patient that precedes a condition affecting the brain

26
Q

what are 6 types of migraines?

A 
without aura
with aura
sporadic and familia hemiplegic
basilar-type
status migrainosus
chronic
27
Q

basilar-type migraines have symptoms related to the vascular territory of basilar artery, which involves what 3 brain structures?

A

brain stem
cerebellum
occipital lobe

28
Q

what are 5 prodromal syptoms?

A 
altered conscious
tinnitus/vertigo
dysarthria
ataxia
diplopia
29
Q

what type of migraine lasts more then 72 hours?

A

status migrainosus (risk factors: PMS, pregnancy, miscarriage, pill change, med rebound)

30
Q

how frequent must migraines be for them to be considered frequent?

A

headache 15 or more days for more than 3 months

31
Q

what type is the most rare but also most painful of the primary headaches?

A

cluster

32
Q

what are the 2 types of cluster headaches?

A

episodic (80%)

chronic (on for at least 12 months)

33
Q

cluster headaches are correlated with _____

A

head trauma

34
Q

what are 6 factors that may precipitate a cluster headache?

A 
vasodilators
alcohol
post afternoon nap
90 min after falling asleep
sleep apnea
hypoxemia
35
Q

cluster headaches are usually localized to what area?

A

one eye and front-temporal region

36
Q

what are 3 contra or bilateral ANS symptoms related to cluster headaches?

A

photophobia/blurred vision
tearing
nasal congestion

37
Q

what are 5 diagnostic criteria for cluster headaches?

A 
episodic
strictly unilateral 
severe intensity/pain
orbital localization
short duration
38
Q

trigeminal neuralgia/tic douloureux is a cluster-like headache that is one of the most_____ conditions we can suffer from

A

painful

39
Q

what causes trigeminal neuralgia/ tic douloureux?

A

anything that presses on trigeminal nerve/branches

40
Q

trigeminal neuralgia can be the first sign of what 3 conditions?

A

MS
DM
lack of b12

41
Q

trigeminal neuralgia may cause paralysis of what muscles?

A

chewing

42
Q

cervicogenic headaches are secondary headaches where pain is localized in…

A

neck and occipital region, but may project to forehead, orbital region, temples and ears

43
Q

cervicogenic headaches pain is precipitated by/aggravated by….

A

special neck movements or sustained neck posture

44
Q

what differentiates acute vs chronic post traumatic headaches?

A

acute develop within 7 days and resolve within 3 months;

chronic begin weeks or months after trauma and persist for years (mild/mod head injuries)

45
Q

what are 4 types of post-traumatic headaches?

A

tension-like (no nausea, not aggravated by bright light, dull pain)
migraine-like (nausea, bright light trigger, pulsating pain)
cluster-like
cervicogenic-like

46
Q

what is a postdural puncture headache?

A

disabling headache after lumbar puncture/epidural caused by CSF leakage (3-5 days)

NEUROPATH 1 (11 decks)

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