Lecture 9 - Energy Generation

Question 1

refers to ion gradients across the cell membrane typically proton gradients

Answer 1

electrochemical energy

Question 2

Give 3 examples of processes driven by electrochemical energy.

Answer 2

1. transport across the membrane
2. flagella rotation
3. ATP synthesis

Question 3

in the for of high energy molecules, for example, ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 3

chemical energy

Question 4

drives processes such as:

1. biosynthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
2. uptake of certain molecules

Answer 4

chemical energy

Question 5

Chemical energy can be stored as _____ term storage molecules

Answer 5

long

Question 6

Name 4 molecules that can be later oxidized to produce ATP

Answer 6

1. glycogen
2. poly-B-hydroxybutyrate
3. elemental sulfur (for microorganisms able to reduce sulfur as an energy source)

Question 7

Similarities between fermentation and respiration.

Answer 7

1. both for ATP via redox reactions

Question 8

Differences between fermentation and respiration.

Answer 8

1. mechanisms of ATP generation different
2. a different electron acceptor is used
3. the amount of energy generated
4. reduction potential between electron donor/acceptor

Question 9

What ATP generation mechanism is used in respiration?

Answer 9

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

What ATP generation mechanism is used in fermentation?

Answer 10

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 11

Fermentation occurs without an _____ (_____) electron acceptor.

Answer 11

exogenous, outside

Question 12

Respiration _____ an _____ (_____) electron acceptor.

Answer 12

requires, exogenous, outside

Question 13

Respiration produced more/less energy than fermentation.

Answer 13

more

This is because, in fermentation the electron donor is only partially oxidized.

Question 14

In _____, the difference between the reduction potentials of the electron donor and the acceptor is small.

–> therefore ΔG is less

Answer 14

fermentation