Lecture 2 - Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the components of a lipid (in Bacteria and Eukarya)?
simple lipid (also called a triglyceride) contains three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule via ester linkages
What are the components of a lipid (in Archea)?
simple lipids are composed of phytane and glycerol
a complex lipid is a simple lipid that contains additional elements
e.g. a lipid containing a phosphate group is called a phospholipid
What are the components of a nucleic acid?
composed of linked nucleotides
A nucleotide has three components
- pentose (5 carbon sugar)
- phosphate group
- a base (cytosine - C, thymine - T (DNA only), uracil - U (RNA only), adenine - A, and guanine - G)
What are the components of a proteins?
consists of one or more polypeptides (polymer of amino acids)
Where can proteins be found in the cell?
- cytoplasmic membrane
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- flagella
Where can polysaccharides be found in the cell?
- cytoplasmic membrane
- storage granule
Where can lipids be found in the cell?
- cytoplasmic membrane
- storage granule
Where can nucleic acids be found in the cell?
- ribosomes
- nucleoid
pentose
5 carbon sugar, component of DNA and RNA
hexose
6 carbon sugar, a derivative of glucose is a key cell wall component
-called n-acetyl glucose component of peptidoglycan
simple lipid (Bacteria and Eukarya)
simple lipid (also called a triglyceride) contains three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule via ester linkages
simple lipid (Archea)
simple lipids are composed of phytanyl and glycerol
nucleotide
A nucleotide has three components
- pentose (5 carbon sugar)
- phosphate group
- a base (cytosine - C, thymine - T (DNA only), uracil - U (RNA only), adenine - A, and guanine - G)
amino acid
- 21 common amino acids most contain only CHON
- All contain a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2), except proline
- All have a unique side chain (R group attached to the a carbon (C adjacent to COOH); These side chains provide proteins with unique biochemical characteristics
Monosachharides are connected _____ bonds.
glycosidic bonds
a glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers form _____.
glycogen and starch (carbon and energy storage)
B glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers form _____.
cellulose (plant cell wall component)
Lipids are linked by _____.
eSTer linkages
DNA bonding occurs via the _____ group on the 3’ carbon of one _____ and the 5’ carbon pf the next _____.
phosphate, sugar, sugar
DNA/RNA backbone consists of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules.
DNA strands associate with each other via _____ bonds between the bases.
H+
_____ bonds form between the carboxyl carbon of 1 amino acid to the amino nitrogen of the next amino acid.
peptide bond
Proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains (polymer of amino acids).
G-C
A-T
DNA base pairs
G-C
A-U
RNA base pairs
DNA is double stranded because, _____.
DNA strands associate with each other via H+ bonds between the bases.
