Lecture 2 - Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the components of a lipid (in Bacteria and Eukarya)?

Answer 1

simple lipid (also called a triglyceride) contains three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule via ester linkages

Question 2

What are the components of a lipid (in Archea)?

Answer 2

simple lipids are composed of phytane and glycerol

a complex lipid is a simple lipid that contains additional elements

e.g. a lipid containing a phosphate group is called a phospholipid

Question 3

What are the components of a nucleic acid?

Answer 3

composed of linked nucleotides

A nucleotide has three components

• pentose (5 carbon sugar)
• phosphate group
• a base (cytosine - C, thymine - T (DNA only), uracil - U (RNA only), adenine - A, and guanine - G)

Question 4

What are the components of a proteins?

Answer 4

consists of one or more polypeptides (polymer of amino acids)

Question 5

Where can proteins be found in the cell?

Answer 5

• cytoplasmic membrane
• cell wall
• cytoplasm
• flagella

Question 6

Where can polysaccharides be found in the cell?

Answer 6

• cytoplasmic membrane

- storage granule

Question 7

Where can lipids be found in the cell?

Answer 7

• cytoplasmic membrane

- storage granule

Question 8

Where can nucleic acids be found in the cell?

Answer 8

• ribosomes

- nucleoid

Question 9

pentose

Answer 9

5 carbon sugar, component of DNA and RNA

Question 10

hexose

Answer 10

6 carbon sugar, a derivative of glucose is a key cell wall component

-called n-acetyl glucose component of peptidoglycan

Question 11

simple lipid (Bacteria and Eukarya)

Answer 11

simple lipid (also called a triglyceride) contains three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule via ester linkages

Question 12

simple lipid (Archea)

Answer 12

simple lipids are composed of phytanyl and glycerol

Question 13

nucleotide

Answer 13

A nucleotide has three components

• pentose (5 carbon sugar)
• phosphate group
• a base (cytosine - C, thymine - T (DNA only), uracil - U (RNA only), adenine - A, and guanine - G)

Question 14

amino acid

Answer 14

• 21 common amino acids most contain only CHON
• All contain a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2), except proline
• All have a unique side chain (R group attached to the a carbon (C adjacent to COOH); These side chains provide proteins with unique biochemical characteristics

Question 15

Monosachharides are connected _____ bonds.

Answer 15

glycosidic bonds

Question 16

a glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers form _____.

Answer 16

glycogen and starch (carbon and energy storage)

Question 17

B glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers form _____.

Answer 17

cellulose (plant cell wall component)

Question 18

Lipids are linked by _____.

Answer 18

eSTer linkages

Question 19

DNA bonding occurs via the _____ group on the 3’ carbon of one _____ and the 5’ carbon pf the next _____.

Answer 19

phosphate, sugar, sugar

DNA/RNA backbone consists of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules.

Question 20

DNA strands associate with each other via _____ bonds between the bases.

Answer 20

H+

Question 21

_____ bonds form between the carboxyl carbon of 1 amino acid to the amino nitrogen of the next amino acid.

Answer 21

peptide bond

Proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains (polymer of amino acids).

Question 22

G-C

A-T

Answer 22

DNA base pairs

Question 23

G-C

A-U

Answer 23

RNA base pairs

Question 24

DNA is double stranded because, _____.

Answer 24

DNA strands associate with each other via H+ bonds between the bases.