Lecture 9 CONCLUSIONS Flashcards
Epidemiology is an important component of the ______ function of public health
ASSESSMENT
Epidemiologists investigate epidemics of ____ and _____ diseases
known and unknown
HOW do epidemiologists investigate epidemics of known and unknown diseases?
by counting the NUMBER of cases and how they are distributed by PERSON, PLACE, AND TIME
(who, where, when)
When epidemiologists determine the WHO, WHERE, AND WHEN, what can they do with this information?
they can often determine a probable cause of a new disease OR a reason for an outbreak of a previously controlled disease
-allows measures to be taken to protect the public
What is the front line of defense against acute diseases?
shoe leather epidemiology by local health departments
What is epidemiologic surveillance?
includes mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases — alerts a health department that an epidemic is beginning in time for an agency to investigate
Besides acute/previous infectious disease, what else does epidemiology provide information on?
the causes of CHRONIC disease
Studies on what 2 things provided the earliest information on risk factors that contribute to these diseases?
heart disease and lung cancer
What was the Framingham study and what did it determine?
followed people for 50 years. Identified high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking as risk factors for HEART DISEASE
The Doll/Hill and the Hammond/Horn studies were conducted in what decade?
the 1950’s
The Doll and Hill was a _____ study while the Hammond and Horn was a ______ study
Doll and Hill - British study
Hammond and Hill - US study
Doll/Hill and Hammond/Horn concluded a link between which 2 things?
smoking and lung cancer
Epidemiology’s role in the identification and causes of diseases leads directly and indirectly to ____ and _____
prevention and control
In some cases, action by WHO is required to to eliminate conditions that are causing the disease?
intervention by the local government
Publicizing the results of a study allows what?
allows people to modify their behavior to avoid risk factors for a disease
