Lecture 9- Campylobacter

Question 1

Campylobacter is a gram__ curved shaped rod

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

T or F: campylobacter is a facultative anaerobe

Answer 2

false, it is microaerophilic (ensures its survival in reduced oxygen environments)

Question 3

How may campylobacter species be transmitted to humans?

Answer 3

1. consumption of undercooked or contaminated food, via contact with animals
2. tap, bore and pond water are also sources.
3. fecal oral route

Question 4

In many areas of the world campylobacter cases are reported throughout the year but peak in the summer. why is that?

Answer 4

Ambient temperature may play a role
Human behavior may play a role (barbecuing, and swimming)
Seasonal variation in the occurrence of Campylobacter in chicken flocks may also play a role
It is also hypothesized that temporal distribution could mirror that of fly species that become more active in the summer months

Question 5

what is the most common species of campylobacter?

Answer 5

C jejuni

Question 6

what are some symptoms or diseases associated with C jejuni?

Answer 6

gastroenteritis, septicimia, meningitis, abortion and Guillan Barre syndrome

Question 7

____ of gastroenteritis cases are caused by ____ and just under 10% are caused by ____

Answer 7

90%, C jejuni and C coli

Question 8

The most extensively studied extraintestinal manifestation associated with Campylobacter infection are? (2)

Answer 8

Guillain Barre syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome

Question 9

symptoms of GBS and Miller fisher generally begin with….

Answer 9

motor and sensory deficits in the lower extremities and this is spread to the upper extremities the trunk –this can to the need for ventilator support

Question 10

The main difference between GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome is

Answer 10

the first nerve groups to be affected by paralysis in patients with MFS are those in the head, resulting in difficulty controlling eye muscles and balance. Paralysis in other forms of GBS typically begins in the legs.

Question 11

Patients who are infected with C jejuni are thought to develop antibodies against?

Answer 11

against certain antigens in the bacteria LPS that cross react with peripheral nerve cell surface gangliosides.

Question 12

what is IBD?

Answer 12

Inflammatory bowel diseases; these are chronic inflammatory conditions of the GI tract including crohns disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis

Question 13

Esophageal diseases include

Answer 13

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barret esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 14

_____ is the dominant species in idividuals with GERD and BE

Answer 14

C consisus

Question 15

Bacteremia and septicemia are generally associated with

Answer 15

C jejuni, C coli and C fetus but can rarely be associated with C lari, C insulaenigrae and C upsaliensis

Question 16

Describe the molecular pathogenesis process of C jejuni

Answer 16

C jejuni uses its flagella to swim towards the mucosa, It then adheres to host cells via numerous reported and unknown factors. There is a correlation between how well C jejuni adheres to cultured cells and how virulent it is.

Question 17

__ is a fibronectin binding protein

Answer 17

Cadf

Question 18

PEB1 is a

Answer 18

periplasmic binding protein

Question 19

J1pA is a __

Answer 19

surface exposed lipoprotein

Question 20

Campylobacter produces what toxin(s)

Answer 20

Campylobacter produces a tripartite complex toxin called cytoleathal distending toxin (CDT) it is coded for by cdtA, cdtB and cdtC
CdtA and CdtC bind to the cell membrane and facilitate entry of CdtB
CdtB is translocated into the cytoplasm and is transported via the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum and from there reaches the nucleus
CdtB is thought to cause DNA damage and arrest the mitosis cell cycle of the cell
This leads to fragmentation of the nucleus, cellular distension, and ultimately cell death
This increases the permeability of the epithelium and results in diarrhea

Question 21

___and ___ bind to the cell membrane and facilitate entry for ___

Answer 21

Cdta and CdtC, CdtB

Question 22

__ is thought to cause DNA damage and arrest the mitosis cell cycle. & What does this lead to?

Answer 22

CdtB. This lead to the fragmentation of the nucleus, cellular distension and ultimately cell death. It also increases permability to the epithelium and results in cell death