Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head & Neck Anatomy > Lecture 9 - Branchial Arch Embryology > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Branchial Arch Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stomatodeum?

A

The primitive oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the stomatodeum lined with?

A

Surface ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the stomatodeum form?

A

Between the developing brain & heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the derivatives of the Stomatodeum?

A

oral mucosa, lips, gingiva, enamel, anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What lines the primitive pharynx?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the primitive pharynx from the stomatodeum?

A

The bucopharyngeal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the level of ectoderm-endoderm junction in adults?

A

Oral fauces (arches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

An ectodermal (surface) outpocketing from the stomatodeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does Rathke’s pouch form?

A

The anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) form from?

A

neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dental lamina

A

Thick line of surface ectoderm along mandible & maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dental buds

A

ectodermal primordial, forms enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dental papillae

A

neural crest derived mesenchyme, forms dentin and pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do teeth begin to form?

A

Week 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 types of ectoderm

A

Surface ectoderm, neural tube, and neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 types of mesoderm

A

Axial mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What forms from the surface ectoderm in the branchial arches?

A

Oral and nasal mucosa, parotid gland, and enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What forms from the neural tube in the branchial arches?

A

Brain, olfactory bulb, and retina of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What forms from the neural crest cells in the branchial arches?

A

Facial bones and cartilage, hyoid, and dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What forms from the paraxial in the branchial arches?

A

Skeletal muscle (somite) and the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What forms from the lateral plate mesoderm in the branchial arches?

A

Laryngeal cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What forms from the endoderm in the branchial arches?

A

Pharyngeal & laryngeal epithelium, taste buds, parathyroid & thymus glands, and the submandibular & sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many arches form around the visceral tube?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neural crest cells make up which branchial arches?

A

arches 1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm makes up what branchial arches?

A

arches 4 & 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the 5th branchial arch form?

A

Nothing, it degenerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do the cranial somites form?

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do the occipital somites form?

A

Tongue muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do the branchial arches form?

A

Myoblasts from the cranial & occipital somites, and the muscles of the head & neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the cranial nerves and the modality of the cranial somites?

A

CN III, IV, VI

GSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the cranial nerves and the modality of the occipital somites?

A

CN XII

GSE

32
Q

What are the cranial nerves and the modality of the branchial arches?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X, and XIc

SVE

33
Q

Pharyngeal pouch

A

Inside branchial arches, lines with endoderm

34
Q

Pharyngeal cleft

A

Outside branchial arches, lined with surface ectoderm

35
Q

What forms the cervical sinus?

A

fused pharyngeal clefts 2-4

36
Q

What forms from aortic arch 4?

A

left aortic arch and right brachiocephalic artery

37
Q

What forms from aortic arch 6?

A

left ligamentum arteriosum and the recurrent laryngeal nerve

38
Q

What are the three developmental layers of the skull?

A

Viscerocranium, Membranous Neurocranium, Neural Chondocranium

39
Q

Where does the viscerocranium form from?

A

Branchial arch-related neural crest

40
Q

What does the viscerocranium form?

A

mandible, maxilla zygoma, hyoid

41
Q

Where does the membranous neurocranium form from?

A

Neural crest and somites (sclerotome)

42
Q

What type of bones are in the membranous neurocranium?

A

flat bones of the braincase

43
Q

How does the membranous neurocranium form?

A

intramembranous ossification

44
Q

What are examples of bones that form from the membranous neurocranium?

A

The frontal bone, parietal bone, and occipital bones

45
Q

Where does the neural chondocranium form from?

A

Neural crest and somites (sclerotome)

46
Q

How does the neural chondocranium form?

A

Endochondral ossification

47
Q

What does the sella turcica contain?

A

The hypophysis (pituitary gland)

48
Q

Where does the basicranial bone posterior to the sella turcica derive from?

A

Sclerotome (somite)

49
Q

Where does the basicranial bone anterior to the sella turcica derive from?

A

NCC

50
Q

Where does the hyoid bone form from?

A

Neural crest cells

51
Q

What makes up arch 2 from the hyoid bone?

A

The lesser horn & upper body

52
Q

What makes up arch 3 from the hyoid bone?

A

The greater horn & lower body

53
Q

Where do arches 4-6 form from?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

54
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

55
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

A muscular organ that aids in the ingestion of food

56
Q

What are the modalities of the tongue?

A

Motor: GSE
Sensory: tactile - GSA
chemosensation/taste - SVA

57
Q

Where do the muscles of the tongue develop from?

A

occipital somites (PAM)

58
Q

What nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

59
Q

What are the two regions of the tongue?

A

Oral tongue (ant. 2/3) & Pharyngeal tongue (post. 1/3)

60
Q

What structure marks the boundary between the two regions of the tongue?

A

Foramen cecum

61
Q

What nerve innervates the oral tongue?

A

Trigeminal (CN X)

62
Q

What nerve innervates the pharyngeal tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

63
Q

What are the lateral lingual swellings and what arch does they come from?

A

The mucosa of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, Arch 1

64
Q

What nerve innervates and what is the modality of the lateral lingual swellings?

A

Trigeminal (CN V), GSA

65
Q

What are the medial lingual swellings?

A

Tuberculum impar, Hypobranchial eminence (copula lingulae), and the epiglottis

66
Q

What arch does the tuberculum impar come from, what nerve innervates it, and what is its modality?

A

Arch 1, Trigeminal (CN V), GSA

67
Q

What arch does the Hypobranchial eminence come from, what nerve innervates it, and what is its modality?

A

Arch 3, Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), GSA

68
Q

What arch does the epiglottis come from, what nerve innervates it, and what is its modality?

A

Arch 4, Vagus (CN X), GVA

69
Q

Where do taste buds develop from?

A

The endoderm lining of the branchial arches

70
Q

What nerves carry taste and what is the modality for taste?

A

Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and Vagus (CN X), SVA

71
Q

What arches are associated with the oral tongue and what nerves innervate it with innervation?

A

Arches 1-2, Sensation: Trigeminal (CN V) GSA, Taste: Facial (CN VII) SVA

72
Q

What arches are associated with the pharyngeal tongue and what nerves innervate it with innervation?

A

Arch 3, Sensation: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) GSA, Taste: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) SVA

73
Q

What arches are associated with the epiglottis and what nerves innervate it with innervation?

A

Arch 4, Sensation: Vagus (CN X) GVA, Taste: Vagus (CN X) SVA

74
Q

Frontonasal prominence

A

forms the nasal placodes/pits (nasal cavities)

75
Q

What surrounds the nasal placodes?

A

medial & lateral nasal swellings

76
Q

What arch does both the maxillary and mandibular swellings come from?

A

Arch 1

Head & Neck Anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions