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Head & Neck Anatomy > Lecture 10 - Intracranial Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Intracranial Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What two parts make up the neurocranium?

A

Cranial vault/calavaria (top) & Cranial base (bottom)

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2
Q

How does the cranial vault form?

A

intramembranous ossification

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3
Q

How does the cranial base form?

A

endochondral ossification

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4
Q

What makes up the viscerocranium?

A

face & mandible

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5
Q

What two types of bone comprise the cranial vault?

A

Compact bone: hard, inner & outer layers

Diploe: middle, spongy bone

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6
Q

Cranial sutures

A

Fibrous joint held together by Sharpey’s fibers (collagen type III)

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7
Q

Sutural (wormian) bones

A

small, irregular bones that develop within sutures

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8
Q

Emissary veins

A

external veins that drain through diploic veins to internal dural sinuses

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9
Q

Dural sinuses

A

A potential route of infection from the scalp into the cranial cavity

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10
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses & the cells that act as another “sinus”

A

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary (antrum)

mastoid air cells

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11
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

Drains frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses into the nasal cavity

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12
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses drain into?

A

The nasopharynx

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13
Q

What nerve runs through the maxillary sinus?

A

maxillary nerve (2nd branch of trigeminal CN V)

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14
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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15
Q

What is the order of the tissue layers on the cranium?

A

Skin, periosteum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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16
Q

What artery supplies the meninges?

A

middle meningeal artery branch from the maxillary artery

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17
Q

What is the modality & innervation of the meninges in the anterior & middle cranial fossae?

A

GSA, Trigeminal (CN V)

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18
Q

What is the modality & innervation of the meninges in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

GSA, Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (CN X), & C1-C3

19
Q

What structures does the dura mater form?

A

The folds around the parts of the brain including: tentorium cerebelli & falx cerebri

20
Q

What sinuses do the dural folds contain?

A

Dural sinuses

21
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres

22
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

23
Q

What meningeal layer allows for CSF to enter the dural sinuses and return to systemic circulation?
Bonus: What are these structures called?

A

Arachnoid mater

Bonus: arachnoid granulations

24
Q

Pia mater

A

Impermeable to CSF fluid and forms perivacular spaces which act as the brains’ lymphatic system

25
Q

Where is the superior & inferior sagittal sinuses?

A

In the falx cerebri

26
Q

Where is the straight sinus?

A

At the junction of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli

27
Q

Where is the transverse sinus?

A

In tentorium cerebelli

28
Q

Where does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

A

It drains into the internal jugular vein

29
Q

What does the cavernous sinus surround?

A

The internal carotid artery

30
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein exit the skull?

A

The sigmoid sinus

31
Q

Where do the vertebral veins exit the skull?

A

Through the vertebral venous plexuses through the foramen magnum

32
Q

Where does the maxillary vein exit the skull?

A

It exits through the cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexuses

33
Q

What is located in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobes & olfactory bulbs

34
Q

What is located in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe, pituitary gland, and the cavernous sinus

35
Q

What is located in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum, medulla, & pons

36
Q

What vessels are located in the middle cranial fossa?

A

The internal carotid artery, ophthalmic arteries, and middle meningeal vessels

37
Q

What nerves are located in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Meningeal nerves, CN II, II, IV, V, VI, Trigeminal ganglion, greater facial nerve, and lesser petrosal nerves

38
Q

Anastomosis

A

An alternative route for vascular flow commonly found in joints or organs with high vascular requirements

39
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

face, scalp, skull, & meninges

40
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

brain & eyes

41
Q

What does the carotid sinus measure?

A

Blood pressure

42
Q

What does the carotid body measure?

A

Blood oxygen content

43
Q

What connects the cavernous sinus to the facial vein?

A

Ophthalmic veins

Head & Neck Anatomy (3 decks)

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