Lecture 9 - Attitudes & Behaviours Flashcards

Question

What influences attitude change in the CENTRAL route?

Answer 1

1) argument quality - due to deep processing Petty Cacioppo found people's attitudes shifted more when processing arguments in central route

Answer 2

1) Message characteristics -- argument quantity (we rely on heuristics or mental shortcuts) 2) Familiarity -- repeated exposure to a message increases liking 3) Source heuristics -- credibility of the source + attractiveness (likeableness, e.g. good looking person) Sources who are well-liked are also more influential (e.g. a source who uses mimicry)

Answer 3

if the attitude object is acted upon with a valenced behaviour, this can shape attitude formation & change For example, Laham et al. (2014) found that people formed more positive implicit attitudes towards pulled stimuli than to pushed stimuli.

Answer 4

experienced negative arousal resulting from inconsistency between attitudes, beliefs, and our behaviours people might try to reduce it by modifying attitudes to restore consistency

Answer 5

- induced compliance paradigm - effort justification - post-decisional dissonance

Answer 6

--> a boring task creates a negative ATTITUDE towards the task --> researchers concluded that attitudes modified to reduce dissonance are caused by ATTITUDE-DISCREPANT BEHAVIOUR, than cannot be attributed to an external reward / punishment STUDY: The experimenter than pays participants $1 or $20 to say that the task was fun (behaviour) – an inconsistency between attitude & behaviour. Those paid $1 reported liking the task more than those paid $20 – as those paid $20 had sufficient justification for their behaviour (lying). Those paid $1 do not have sufficient justification for lying – which creates a dissonance. They attempt to reduce this dissonance by modifying their attitude.

Answer 7

- when an action is perceived as inconsistent w attitude - the action is perceived to be freely chosen - the individual experiences physiological arousal - the arousal is attributed to a perceived inconsistency b/w the attitude and action

Answer 8

attitudes, norms, and efficacy beliefs

Answer 9

behaviour that does not require conscious intention that is repeated often, in stable contexts is enacted via automatic repetition of established routines, triggered by env cues habits have very little to do w attitudes

Answer 10

behaviour that does not require conscious intention, but is NOT frequently repeated in similar contexts - this behaviour is enabled via automatic processes (though not by established routines)

Answer 11

DIRECTLY impact behaviour - implicit attitudes being most relevant here

Answer 12

INDIRECTLY impact behaviour (via intentions) - explicit attitudes are most relevant here

Answer 13

have very little impact. Past behaviour is a better predictor here.

Answer 14

1) elaboration (motivation + capacity) 2) repeated expression of the attitude 3) direct experience with the attitude object 4) one-sidedness of informational base 5) confidence

Answer 15

suggests that attitudes & norms combine to predict intentions, which in turn predict actions

Answer 16

based on theory of reasoned action, but also adds PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL which then influences one's intention & actual control of their behaviour It posits that behaviors are immediately determined by behavioral intentions, which in turn are determined by a combination of three factors: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Answer 17

states that attitudes will better predict behaviour if the specificity of a measured attitudes matches the specificity of the behaviour under consideration as attitudes towards birth control use became more specific, attitudes predicted behaviours more strongly

Answer 18

Explicit attitudes / prejudices predicted INTENTIONAL behaviour (verbal behaviour) whilst implicit attitudes / prejudices predicted NON-INTENTIONAL behaviour (non-verbal behaviour)

Answer 19

attitude change to reduce dissonance caused by a freely made decision - amplify positives of chosen option, amplify negatives of unchosen option (spreading of alternatives) free choice paradigm

Answer 20

- Effortful initiation can increase liking through dissonance reduction - attitudes are changed to reduce dissonance caused by choosing to exert considerable effort / suffering to achieve a goal Effort justification is a person's tendency to attribute the value of an outcome they put effort into achieving as greater than the objective value of the outcome. e.g. it's worth it to spend so much money on college bc education is more important

Lecture 9 - Attitudes & Behaviours Flashcards

(44 cards)