lecture 9 Flashcards
transition
purine-purine
transversion
purine-pyrimidine
3 types of substitution
missense,nonsense, silent
missense sub is what
new codon causes different amino acid
nonsense
premature termination of translation
silent
new codon encodes for same amino acid
example of substitutino?
sickle cell anemia. gag for gug
strand slippage causes what?
one of the DNA strands to form a loop
what happens when the new synthesized strand loops out?
results in the addition of the nucleotide on the new newstrand
what happens when the template strand loops out?
omission of one of the nucleotides on the new strand
replication errors cause what?
substitution
what happens in replication errors?
thymine pairs with guanine through wobble. guanine then pairs with cytosine which causes mutation
repeats causes what
large insertion
repeats when it comes to insertion have how many copies of what?
8 copies of CAG
in repeats, hairpin forms in what strand?
new synthesized strand
after hairpin forms what happens?
part of the template strand is replicated twice
what happens when unequal crossing over happens?
insertion and deletion
in respect to UV lights, which waves ( short or long) cause mutations?
short wavelength, higher energy
UV causes what
pyrimidine dimers; chemical bond between adjacent pyrimidines on DNA strand
which type of bases have dimers
TT,CT,CC
base analogs are what?
bases that resemble a certain base
base analogs cause what?
substitution
5 bromouracil resembles what
thymine
5-bromouracil does what
can pair with A, but also will pair with G causing substitution
