lecture 10

Question 1

unique sequence DNA refers to what

Answer 1

sequences that are present only once or at most a few times

Question 2

how are unique sequences distributed? and where are they mostly found?

Answer 2

randomly, in the euchromatic region

Question 3

what mostly codes for protein?

Answer 3

unique sequences

Question 4

repetitive sequences refer to what

Answer 4

sequences that exist in many copies

Question 5

almost have of the human genome consists of what type of DNA sequencing?

Answer 5

repetitive

Question 6

2 classes of repetitive DNA

Answer 6

moderately, and highly

Question 7

how many copies per genome in moderate?

Answer 7

10-100000

Question 8

two types of moderate sequencing

Answer 8

tandem and interspersed

Question 9

how many copies per genome in highly repetitive

Answer 9

larger than 100000

Question 10

what is considered to be satellite DNA?

Answer 10

highly repeptitive

Question 11

explain tandem

Answer 11

appear one after another and tend to be clustered

Question 12

explain interspersed

Answer 12

scattered throughout genome and very abundent

Question 13

SINES stand for what

Answer 13

short interspersed nuclear elements ( less than 1000)

Question 14

Lines stand for what

Answer 14

long interspersed nuclear elements ( larger than 1000)

Question 15

transposable elements where discovered by whom

Answer 15

barbara mcclintock in the 1940’s

Question 16

TE make up how much of human genome?

Answer 16

45%

Question 17

two types of TE

Answer 17

class 1 and class 2

Question 18

what uses an RNA intermediate?

Answer 18

class 1

Question 19

which has tranposase gene?

Answer 19

class2

Question 20

what does reverse transcriptase?

Answer 20

class 1

Question 21

long terminal direct repeats; short flanking direct repeats at target site

Answer 21

class1

Question 22

short terminal inverted repeats; short flanking direct repeats at target site

Answer 22

class 2

Question 23

retrotransposon is what?

Answer 23

class1

Question 24

what is the consequence of transposon insertion?

Answer 24

flanking direct repeats

Question 25

where ate flanking repeats found?

Answer 25

both sides of TE

Question 26

what is required for transposition?

Answer 26

terminal inverted repeats

Question 27

what is recognized by the transposase encoded by the TE that catalyzes transposition

Answer 27

terminal inverted repeats

Question 28

staggered breaks are made by what? and produces what?

Answer 28

transposase in target DNA, two sticky ends

Question 29

where is the TE joined

Answer 29

single strand sticky ends of target DNA

Question 30

DNA is replicated where?

Answer 30

at single strand gaps

Question 31

replicative transposition

Answer 31

copy and paste, TE copy number increases, makes breaks only at target sequence

Question 32

replicative is used by what?

Answer 32

retrotransposon

Question 33

nonreplicative

Answer 33

cut and paste, no increase,

Question 34

nonreplicative cleave requires what

Answer 34

transposase produced by TE

Question 35

what may happen in nonreplicative?

Answer 35

repair mechanism may replicate broken segment after excision

Question 36

retrotransposon is transcribed into what

Answer 36

RNA

Question 37

produces what after reverse transcriptase

Answer 37

double stranded DNA

Question 38

transposition can account for how many spontaneous mutations?

Answer 38

50%

Question 39

vvmybA1 regulates synthesis of what

Answer 39

purple grape color

Question 40

white grapes have what

Answer 40

retrotraposon inserted near vvmybA1, disruption purple pigment

Question 41

red grapes have what

Answer 41

most of retrotransposon is removed but some still remain

Question 42

pairing by looping and crossing over between two transposable elements orientated in the same direction leads to what?

Answer 42

deletion

Question 43

pairing by bending and crossing over between two transposable elements orientated in opposite directions leads to what?

Answer 43

inversion

Question 44

misalignment and unequal exchange between transposable elemts located on sister chromatids lead to what?

Answer 44

one chromosome some with deletion, and one chromosome with duplication

Question 45

3 ways to regulate transposons

Answer 45

DNA methylation, alternation of chormatin structure, RNAi silencing

Question 46

is the promoter region methylated?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

transposable elements in bacteia

Answer 47

insertion sequences, composite transposons

Question 48

what is the simplest type of Te

Answer 48

insertion sequence

Question 49

insertion sequences only carry what?

Answer 49

genetic info for encoding tranposase, necessary for movement

Question 50

what do insertion sequences have?

Answer 50

terminal inverted repeats and flanking direct repeats

Question 51

composite transposons consists of what

Answer 51

two copies of insertion sequences and transpose togethere

Question 52

is the DNA in composite required ?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

what has gene for tetracycline resistance?

Answer 53

composite, tn10

Question 54

autonomous elements; example and explination

Answer 54

tranposition by themselves; ac

Question 55

Ac produces what?

Answer 55

transposase enzyme

Question 56

nonautonomus elements;

Answer 56

only transposed if autonomous is there, Ds | does not have transposase gene

Question 57

gene c is what

Answer 57

no pigment so corn is white or yellow

Question 58

gene C is what?

Answer 58

purple pigment resulting in purple corn

Question 59

how do you get multi colored corn

Answer 59

Ds jumps out early, the recovered C genes produce pigment in more cells during development as the cell divides

Question 60

if Ds leaves early=

Answer 60

large purple

Question 61

if Ds leaves late=

Answer 61

large yellow

Question 62

what happens when gene C is interrupted?

Answer 62

no pigment resulting in yellow