Lecture 9

Question 1

Questions to consider (this card is to see questions)

Answer 1

How do two haploid cells fuse to form one diploid cell?

What are the steps leading from that one diploid cell (zygote) to millions of differentiated cells?

How do developmental pathways differ among species?

Question 2

What are Deuterostomes?

Answer 2

Organisms that form anus first

Question 3

What are Protostomes?

Answer 3

Organisms that form mouth first

Question 4

What are examples of Deuterostomes?

Answer 4

Echinodermata, Chordata, Sea Urchins, Chickens, Humans

Question 5

What are examples of Protostomes?

Answer 5

Rotlfera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Molluska, Nematoda, Arthropoda

Question 6

How do echinodermatas develop?

Answer 6

Radial symmetry

Question 7

How do chordata develop?

Answer 7

Segmentation

Question 8

What these specific spiny echinoderms that live in the ocean, eat kelp, and are a food source for sea otters called?

Answer 8

Sea Urchin

Question 9

What happens immediately after fertilization?

Answer 9

the formation of the fertilization membrane

Question 10

What is the purpose of the formation of the fertilization membrane

Answer 10

prevent further entry of other sperm

Question 11

Phases of fertilization

Answer 11

zygote > cleavage > eight-cell stage > cleavage > blastula > gastrulation > gastrula

Question 12

What forms from the ectoderm?

Answer 12

Skin, nervous system

Question 13

What forms from the mesoderm?

Answer 13

bone, muscle, circulatory system, sex organs

Question 14

What forms from the endoderm?

Answer 14

Stomach, gut, liver, lungs, thyroid

Question 15

Describe Pluteus larvae

Answer 15

bilaterally symmetric, have prominent arms

Question 16

During what stage of development of the sea urchin embryo is the endoderm formed?

Answer 16

Gastrulation

Question 17

What part of the sea urchin embryo will the blastopore form?

Answer 17

Anus

Question 18

The fluid mosaic model states…

Answer 18

a membrane is a fluid structure with a “mosaic” of various proteins embedded in it

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

too much solute inside so water comes in and blows up cell

Question 20

Hypertonic

Answer 20

too little solute inside so water goes out and shrivels up cell

Question 21

A sea urchin egg is placed in distilled water. How would you describe the solution? What will happen to the egg?

Answer 21

Hypertonic; shrivel

Question 22

Sea Urchin vs. Chick: Holoblastic Cleavage for which? Meroblastic Cleavage for which?

Answer 22

Sea Urchin: Holoblastic Cleavage

Chick: Meroblastic

Question 23

Holoblastic Cleavage

Answer 23

In eggs that contain no or only moderate amounts of yolk, cytokinesis divides the cells completely

Question 24

Meroblastic Cleavage

Answer 24

In eggs that contain a large amount of yolk, cytokinesis does not divide the egg completely

Question 25

When is embryo ready to begin gastrulation for chick?

Answer 25

When the egg is laid

Question 26

What forms in the beginning of gastrulation of the chick embryo?

Answer 26

Narrow groove; primitve streak

Question 27

What moves through the primitive streak?

Answer 27

Cells tat give rise to the mesoderm and endoderm

Question 28

Neurulation

Answer 28

cells of the dorsal ectoderm roll into a neural tube, which eventually gives rise to the nervous system

Question 29

Neural crest

Answer 29

gives rise to diverse cell types