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Biology Lab > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do animals exchange materials with the environment?

A

Digestive system, excretory system, circulatory/respiratory systems

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2
Q

How does an animal interact with and respond to its environment?

A

external structures, nervous system, muscular system

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3
Q

Arthropods have _____ bodies, _____ limbs and what kind of skeleton?

A

segmented bodies; jointed limbs and chitinous exoskeleton

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4
Q

How many total segments are in the crayfish?

A

20 segments

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5
Q

How many head& thorax segments are there?

A

14

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6
Q

How many abdomen segments are there?

A

6

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7
Q

In the head, segment 1 is…

A

compound eyes

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8
Q

In the head, segment 2 is…

A

Antennules

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9
Q

In the head, segment 3 is…

A

Antennae

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10
Q

In the head, segment 4 is…

A

Mandible

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11
Q

In the head, segment 5 is…

A

1st maxilla

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12
Q

In the head, segment 6 is…

A

2nd maxilla

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13
Q

In the thorax, segment 7 is…

A

1st maxilliped

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14
Q

In the thorax, segment 8 is…

A

2nd maxilliped

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15
Q

In the thorax, segment 9 is…

A

3rd maxilliped

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16
Q

In the thorax, segment 10 is…

A

chelipeds

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17
Q

In the thorax, segment 11 is…

A

2nd walking legs

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18
Q

In the thorax, segment 12 is…

A

3rd walking legs: female genital pore

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19
Q

In the thorax, segment 13 is…

A

4th walking legs

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20
Q

In the thorax, segment 14 is…

A

5th walking legs: male genital pore

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21
Q

In the abdomen, segment 15 is…

A

swimmerets (male modified)

22
Q

In the abdomen, segment 16 is…

A

swimmerets (male modified)

23
Q

In the abdomen, segment 17 is…

A

swimmerets

24
Q

In the abdomen, segment 18 is…

A

swimmerets

25
Q

In the abdomen, segment 19 is…

A

swimmerets

26
Q

In the abdomen, segment 20 is…

A

Telson/uropods

27
Q

Crayfish males mount over females or females mount over males.

A

males mount over females

28
Q

Crayfish sperm viable for…

A

couple of years

29
Q

What kind of circulatory system do crayfish have?

A

open circulatory system

30
Q

What anatomical parts of crayfish help with gas exchange?

A

gills

31
Q

What is the oxygen carrier in blood for crayfish?

A

hemocyanin

32
Q

Which body system includes the pericardial sinus?

A

Circulatory (I think)

33
Q

Chordates include…

A

Cephalochordates (lancelets or amphioxus)

Urochordates (tunicates or sea squirts)

Vertebrates

34
Q

Chordata is defined by the presence of four morphological features

A

pharyngeal gill slits, nerve cord, notochord, and post-anal tail

35
Q

Vertebrates are a monophyletic group distinguished by 2 synapomorphies

A

vertebrae and the cranium

36
Q

Key innovations in the vertebrate lineage

A

jaws, limbs capable of moving on land, amniotic egg, hair and lactation

37
Q

Mammals are a monophyletic class 3 distinguishing characteristics

A

hair/fur, endothermy, mammary glands

38
Q

Difference between rats and homo sapiens

A

rats don’t have an uvula, gall bladder, appendix, experience satiation.
Rats can’t burp or vomit
Cecum is a fermentation factory - digest cellulose

39
Q

What did Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire suggest?

A

body plan of vertebrates was a flipped over version of invertebrate plan

vertebrates and invertebrates have the same master control genes using the same body-building instructions

40
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Circulatory system

A

Crayfish: Open, heart with arteries
Rat: Closed, Double circuit

41
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Excretory system

A

Crayfish: Green gland and released as ammonia
Rat: Kidney and released as urea

42
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Nervous system

A

Crayfish: Ganglion/nerves
Rat: CNS/PNS

43
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Special sensory organs

A

Crayfish: Antennae, compound eye
Rat: Single lens eye, nose, tongue, ear

44
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Gas exchange

A

Crayfish: gills
Rat: lungs

45
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Mechanical digestion

A

Crayfish: Gastric mill
Rat: Teeth (jaws)

46
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Chemical digestion

A

Crayfish: Digestive gland
Rat: Mouth, stomach, pancreas

47
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Food absorption

A

Crayfish: Digestive gland
Rat: Small intestine

48
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Role of hind gut

A

Crayfish: Pass undigested food to anus
Rat: absorb water/pass undigested food to anus

49
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Male morphology

A

Crayfish: Testis, vas deferens, genital pore
Rat: Testis, vas deferens, urethra

50
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Female morphology

A

Crayfish: Ovary, oviduct, genital pore
Rat: Ovary, oviduct, uterine horns, vagina

51
Q

Crayfish vs Rat: Fertilization

A

Crayfish: external fertilization
Rat: internal fertilization

52
Q

What organ in the rat is responsible for expelling nitrogenous wastes?

A

kidney

Biology Lab (6 decks)

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