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Test 3 Physical Agents > Lecture #9 > Flashcards

Lecture #9 Flashcards

1
Q

Penetration of heat wavelength?

A

1-2mm

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2
Q

Penetration of cold wavelength?

A

1cm

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3
Q

Infrared agents are effective in?

A

Controlling swelling by decreasing the amount of secondary hypoxic injury

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4
Q

Use of cold Tx for therapeutic purposes examples?

A

Ice packs after an acute injury, slush bucket before exercising, ice massage before running to reduce spasm, polar care unit on post surgical knee, running cold water on a burn, CO2 gas to freeze off a wart and cold solution used during spinal cord injury.

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5
Q

Types of cold Tx?

A

Ice massage, cold packs, cold whirlpool, cold sprays, cryo-cuff, polar care/Ice man unites, game ready units and ice immersion.

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6
Q

What is Conduction? Convection? Radiation? Evaporation?

A 
Conduction = direct contact
Convection = heat transfer via circulation of a medium around the object
Radiation = heat transfer from a warmer source to a colder source through a conducting medium such as air
Evaporation = absorption of energy as a result of conversion of a substance from liquid to gas
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7
Q

Infrared agents that use conduction?

A

Ice massage, cold packs, hydrocollator packs, cold sprays (evap. mostly), ice immersion, contrast baths, paraffin bath, cryo-cuff and game-ready.

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8
Q

Infrared agents that use convection?

A

Hot/warm and cold whirlpool and fluidotherapy

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9
Q

How deep can cooling get in the body?

A

3cm

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10
Q

Surface cooling is between?

A

1-10 degree C. AKA 33-50 degrees F.

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11
Q

Cold considerations? (what does it cause the body to do)?

A

decreased tissue temperature, decreased metabolism, decreased pain and muscle spasm and increased tissue stiffness (+some circulatory and inflammatory effects)

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12
Q

Explain the temperature gradient?

A

Epidermis decreases in tempp. due to heat lost to the agent.
Dermis loses heat to the epidermis.
The third structure (bone, fat, muscle, ligament and tendon) will lose heat to the dermis.

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13
Q

T/F Fat is a good insulator and will affect depth.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F The warmer the tissue the greater the heat transfer to a cold agent.

A

True

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15
Q

FYI: The colder the agent the greater the conduction of body heat.

A

Yep, yep! :)

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16
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

amount of energy needed to convert a solid to a liquid w/o changing temp.

17
Q

What conversion has the greatest specific heat?

A

Ice to water

18
Q

Tx times for cold:

A

Small/superficial = 10-15 mins.
Small jts & muscles = 15-20 mins.
Large jts. & muscles = 20-30 mins.
Immediate care 20 mins. cold w/ compression & elevation followed by 20-40 mins compression & elevation.

19
Q

Re-warming times for fingers? Ankles?

A 
Fingers = 10-15 mins.
Ankles = 60-90 mins
20
Q

When compression is applied along with cold application the temp. decrease will be greater due to:

A

decreased circulation, increased interface and causes agent to last longer due to insulating it from the environment.

21
Q

T/F. Elevation causes further decreases of blood flow and greater cooling as well.

A

True

22
Q

Effects of cold applications?

A 
3-4 stage sensation response 
Depth of penetration > heat
Erythema- redness
Increase heart rate and blood pressure
Vasoconstriction
Cold receptors discharge
Control edema
Shivering
Decreases local neural activity (velocity)
Raises threshold of muscle spindle
Reduce spasticity
Reduce spasm
Reduce metabolism
Increase pain threshold
Decrease elasticity
23
Q

Sensations felt during cold?

A
  1. cold
  2. deep, aching pain
    3.pain plateaus
  3. Pins and needles
    5.Numbess
  4. Bouts of pain at intervals of 3-10 minutes
    FYI: colder agents = higher pain
24
Q

Cold increases the viscosity of blood making it flow slower through the vessels by?

A

Compression and elevation by helping decrease blood flow and blood pressure.
Occurs w/n 5 mins.

25
Q

How does cold decrease edema?

A

causes decreased vessel wall permeability (histmine, seratonin and kinins)
Must use immediately or no results in removal

26
Q

Secondary hypoxic injury:

A

Cold = decreased metabolism = less need for O2 = less hypoxic injury.
aka. a 10 deg. decrease in temp will lower O2 need by 50%. so 1 deg. F = 5 %

27
Q

Cold effects on muscle spindle and GTO’s

A
  1. slows transmission velocities
  2. decreases sensitivity of both organs
  3. deep nerves unable to be cooled w/not be affected
  4. do the same to motor nerves and can drease/delay twitch response
28
Q

In a cold whirlpool how far to stay away from turbine?

A

12-18 inches

29
Q

Tx for cold whirlpool?

A

Extremity: 15-20 mins at 45-60 degrees

Full Body: 15-20 mins a4 65-80 Degrees

30
Q

Tx for frostbite?

A

immerse body part in water 100-104 degrees and refer to physician.

31
Q

Cold contraindications:

A 
Impaired circulation
PVD
Hypersensitivity to cold
Skin anesthesia
Open Wounds
Vasospastic disorders (Raynaud’s)
CAD
Hypertension
Cold allergy
Over a regenerating peripheral nerve
Monitor superficial nerves for impairment
Cryoglobulinemia

Test 3 Physical Agents (4 decks)

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