lecture 9 Flashcards
Objects or vehicles by which information is being
communicated
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Tools and aids used to transmit information and to
enhance teaching and learning
instructional materials
Tools to deliver education messages creatively, clearly,
accurately and in a timely manner
instructional materials
the way information is taught that brings the learner into
contact with what is to be learned.
teaching methods
examples of teaching methods
lecture, group discussion, one-to-one instruction,
demonstration and return demonstration, gaming, simulation, role play
The teacher must be —- with the content and mechanics of a tool
before using it.
familiar
t or f
Printed, demonstration and audiovisual materials cannot change learner
behavior by influencing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor
development..
false, can change
t or f
No one tool is better than another to enhance learning
t
t or f
Instructional materials should complement, reinforce and supplement and should substitute for the educator’s teaching efforts.
f, it shouldn’t replace the educator’s teaching efforts
The instructional materials selected should…
▪ match available financial resources
▪ be appropriate for the physical conditions of learning
environment
▪ match the sensory abilities, developmental stages and
educational level of the learners
The choice of material should…
match the content and tasks to be learned.
t or f
The messages conveyed must be accurate, up to date, appropriate, unbiased and free of any unintended content.
t
t or f
The tools used should contribute in a meaningful way to the learning situation by adding or clarifying information
t
3 Variables to consider in choosing instructional materials
learner, medium, task
Many variables influence learning. Nurse educators must know their
audience so that they can choose those tools best suited to the
needs and abilities of various learners
characteristics of a learner
A wide variety of media are available. No single medium is more
effective than all other options. The educator should be flexible in
considering a multimedia approach to complement methods of
instruction.
characteristics of a medium
Define the task(s) that must be accomplished by identifying
• the type of learning domain (cognitive, affective, and/or
psychomotor),
• the complexity of behaviors to be achieved to meet
identified objectives
characteristics of task to be achieved
Three Major Components of Instructional Materials
delivery system, content, presentation
⮚ Example: Powerpoint slides (software) for a lecture – delivered via
computer (hardware)
delivery system
choice of – influence by the ff.
number of learners to be taught at one time
▪ pacing and flexibility needed for the effective delivery of
information
▪ sensory aspects most suitable to and individual patient or group
▪ geographical distribution of the audience
delivery system
Intended message
content
Independent of the delivery system and is the actual
information being communicated to the learner
content
Factors to consider in selecting instructional materials:
▪ Accuracy of information being conveyed
▪ Appropriateness of the medium to convey the chosen information
▪ Appropriateness of the readability level of materials for the learner
content
• The form of the message
presentation
Occurs along a continuum from concrete (real objects) to abstract (symbols)
presentation
– the condition of
being real
realia
Most concrete form of
stimuli that can be used
to deliver information
• Example:
Demonstration
presentation
Illusionary Representation
• Less concrete, more
abstract form of stimuli
to deliver a message
• Examples:
photographs, real-life
drawings
presentation
Symbolic Representation
• Most abstract type of
messages, most
common form of
instructional material
• Examples: numbers,
letters
presentation
Written Materials
• Demonstration Materials
• Audiovisual Materials
types of instructional materials
Most widely used and most accessible type of tools for
teaching and learning
written materials
described as “frozen language”
written materials
Leaflets, books, pamphlets, brochures, instructional sheets
(symbolic representation)
▪ Commercially prepared materials
▪ Self-composed materials
written materials
advantages of written materials
Available as a reference
▪ Widely used at all levels of society
▪ Easily obtained
▪ Provided in convenient forms
▪ Widely available in different
languages other than English
▪ Suitable for large number of learners
▪ Flexible in that information is
absorbed at a speed controlled by
reader
disadvantages of written materials
Written words are the most abstract
form to convey information
▪ Immediate feedback on the
information may be limited
▪ Large percentage of materials are
written at too high levels for reading
and comprehension by many
patients
▪ Inappropriate for persons with visual
or cognitive impairment
Include many types of visual, hands-on media
demonstration materials
Stimulates the visual senses but can combine the sense of sight with
touch and sometimes even smell and taste
demonstration of materials