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Biol 430 > Lecture 9/10 sporulation stages/pathway > Flashcards

Lecture 9/10 sporulation stages/pathway Flashcards

1
Q

B. Subtitles sporulates when it expresses what genes?

A

Spo genes

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2
Q

Genes for sporulation are named after stages of _______.

How are they distinguished from one another?

A
  • Blockage (0,1,2, etc)

- then are distinguished from one another by a letter

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3
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define Stage 0

A

Stage 0 is vegetative cells

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4
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define Stage 1

A
  • Two copies of the chromosomes condense and elongate along axis of the cell
  • origins attached to opposite polls of the cell
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5
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define stage 2

A
  • a septum is formed near one pole
  • mother compartment & forespore
  • Forespore traps 1/3 of the FS chromosome
  • DNA translocation across the forespore septum takes place
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6
Q

When a septum is formed in stage 2 of sporulation what is the cell called?

A

Sporangium

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7
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define Stage 3

A
  • Mother cell engulfs forespore
  • Forespore is set free in cytoplasm “protoplasm”
  • space between inner and outer membrane
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8
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define Stage 4

A
  • cortex, consisting peptidoglycan
  • peptidogkycan is synthesized in spoace between inner & outer membrane of fore spore
  • Another layer of peptidoglycan is synthesized on the surface of inner membrane
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9
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define Stage 5

A
  • A spore coat is synthesized around the outer membrane by mother cell
  • The prespore is dehydrated
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10
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define stage 6

A
  • resistance properties are developed
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11
Q

Stages in sporulation, morphological description:

Define stage 7

A

-The mature spore is released as a result of the mother cell lysis

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12
Q

What is one signal that that stimulates sporulation pathway way?

A

CSF is one extracellular signal to stimulate sporulation pathway

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13
Q

At what concentration of CSF stimulates CSF pathway?

A

20nM or higher of CSF

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14
Q

High intracellular levels of CSF inhibits which Kinase?

A

CSF inhibits histidine Kinase compP

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15
Q

Inhibition of histidine kinase ComP results in ?

A

Lower levels of phosphorylated ComA-P

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16
Q

CSF also inhibits a phosphatase which one?

A

CSF inhibits RapB phosphotase

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17
Q

What does RapB phosphatase desphosphorylate?

A

Spo0F-P

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18
Q

What is Spo0F-P responsible for?

A

In the phosphorelay cascade Spo0F-P phosphorylates Spo0A

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19
Q

What is Spo0A?

A

The primary transcriptional regulator for sporulation genes.

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20
Q

Spo0A stimulates?

A

Sporulation

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21
Q

When cell densities are low, Spo0F-P is dephosphorylated by what?

A

Rap phosphatase

22
Q

Spo0A is the what type of protein and what is activated by?

A

Spo0A is a master response regulator protein. Which is activated by phosphorylation

23
Q

So0A-P is a transcription?

A

Activator

24
Q

Spo0A-P activates transcription genes that are?

A

Required for sporulation

25
Q

Spo0A-P represses transcription of other genes expressed during?

A

Exponential growth

26
Q

Spo0A-p is responsible for

A

Axial filament formation, polar septation leading to forespore formation.

27
Q

Spo0A-P directly regulates?

A

The expression of the Spo0A regulan

  • about 40 genes positively regulated
  • 81 Genes negatively regulated
28
Q

How many histidine kinase are involved in sporulation? What are the kinase important for sporulation in laboratory?

A
  • there are 5 histidine kinase involved in sporulation

- two are important in the laboratory KinA and KinB

29
Q

Where is KinA located?

A

KinA is a cytoplasmic Kinase

30
Q

Where is KinB located?

A

KinB is membrane bound

31
Q

What is Spo0F-P

A

Spo0F-P is a phosphorelay protein, and transfers a phosphorylation group to Spo0B

32
Q

Spo0B-P then transfers a phorphoryl group to?

A

Spo0A

33
Q

What is the advantages of a

Phosphorelay system?

A

-offers more sites for fine tuning or control

34
Q

Phosphorelay system endsure that B. Subtitles does not?

A

Stop multiplying and Exeter sporulation pathway prematurely.

35
Q

Of the two systems which is more controlled two component system or phosphorelay system?

A

Phosporelay system (CSF)

36
Q

In sporulation system, the histidine kinases are not?

A

bifunctional, can only phosphorylate or dephosphorylate

37
Q

In this system levels of phosphorylated response regulator are determined by?

A

Separate phosphatases

38
Q

What are three phosphatases important to regulating level of Spo0A-P?

A

RapA & RapB dephosphorylate Spo0F-p

Spo0E dephosphorylates Spo0F-P

39
Q

What type of system has a role in regulation of Rap A phosphatase?

A

Two component system

40
Q

ComA-P activates transcriptions of what operon?

A

RapA operon

41
Q

Their are two genes on RapA operon what are these genes?

A

RapA & phrA

42
Q

What does the phrA protein function?

A

PhrA inhibits the activity of RapA phosphatase

43
Q

The ComP/ComA is a two component system that produces____? With this being produce what does it stimulate?

A
  • Produces an inhibitor for RapA phosphatase

- stimulates sporulation

44
Q

Is RapB constitutively transcribed through growth cycle?

A

Yes RapB is constitutively transcribed

45
Q

RapB phosphatase is inhibited by?

A

CSF peptide (quorum sensing signal)

46
Q

List the pathogensis sequence.

A
  1. Attach to host cell for colonization
  2. Evade host’s innate and adaptive response
  3. Obtain Iron and other nutrients
  4. Disseminate with in host and to other host
  5. Produce symptoms of disease
47
Q

What are four crucial process for Colonization of host surfaces

A
  • Penetrating intact skin
  • Penetrating the mucin
  • Secretory IgA proteases
  • Resistance to antibacterial peptides
48
Q

What is Mucin?

A

Complex mesh work of protein and polysaccharide, highly viscous

49
Q

What is the role of Mucin?

A

-Lubrication and grab foreign particles

50
Q

How bacteria are able to transit the mucin layer?

A

Flagella
Changes pH & viscosity
Mucin layer is not uniform
M cells

51
Q

What do pathogens use M cells for?

A

Pathogens use M cells as a portal through which they can transit the mucosal layer

Biol 430 (8 decks)

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