Lecture 9-10 - RNA Protein Translation and gene control Flashcards
What does polypeptide form that cells and organisms use?
Proteins
The cellular chain of command:
DNA –> RNA –> Protein
Is the synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA
Transcription
What does (transcription) produces
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
The actual synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA
Translation
Where does Translation occurs?
In ribosomes
What does nuclear envelope do in a eukaryotic cell?
Separates transcription from translation
Where does extensive RNA processing occurs?
In the nucleus.
What is Transcription?
DNA-directed synthesis of RNA
Transription by E.coli polymerase occurs in:
- Three phases known as initiation, elongation and termination
Trancription factors are:
Protein which bind to DNA and regulate trancription
Transcription begins
Upstream from the start codon
Which of the following is necessary for transcription to occur?
Both DNA and RNA polymerase
In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, a promoter region that is rich in AT bases is called as:
TATA box
The major function of RNA polymerase’s sigma factor is:
Recignition of the transcriptional start sequence
The nucleons of eukaryotic cell has:
RNA polymerase 1, 11, 111 (all of these)
Transcription results in
Messenger RNA
RNA polymerase in prokaryotes has a removable:
Sigma subunit
What is a promoter?
A specific sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds
In prokaryoytes, transcription is:
Terminated by a protein called rho
Enhancers are region that:
Modulate transcription
Immediately after transcription
A methylated guanine cap is added to the 51 end of the transcript
The closed complex at bacterial promoters is:
In equilibrium with free RNA polymerase and the promoter.
The complex of RNA polymerase, DNA template and new RNA transcript is called:
Transcription bubble
RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________ , which utilizes the enzyme __________
Transcription, RNA polymerase
The transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes which induce transcription usually have
At least two distinct domains of protein structure, a DNA binding domain and an activation domain.
The RNA polymerases that transcribe bacterial DNA are
Multisubunit enzymes
Upstream regions which are essential for correct transcription are called:
Promoters
Promoters for tRNAs are located
Downstream from the start codon
In eukaryotes, there are three different RNA polymerases. The RNA polymerase responsible for transcription of mRNA is
RNA polymerase II
Most transcripts of protein coding genes are cleaved
At the 3’ end just after a poly adenylation signal
The first protein complex to bind to the TATA box is:
Transcription factor IID
Transcription factors are:
Proteins which bind DNAand initiate transcription
The lac operon is translated into __________ proteins.
3
A mutation in the tip binding site of the repressor would result in
Constitutive TRP operon expression
What are genes?
The functional unit of inheritance, a fragment of DNA, a portion of a chromosome
Catabolite activating protein exerts __________ control on transcription of the lac operon genes.
Positive
Tubulin is regulated by
Binding of tubulin to the tubulin translational product
Sex hormones activate transcription of specific genes by
Binding to a transcription factor
