Lecture 9-10 - RNA Protein Translation and gene control

Question 1

What does polypeptide form that cells and organisms use?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

The cellular chain of command:

Answer 2

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

Question 3

Is the synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

What does (transcription) produces

Answer 4

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 5

The actual synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

Where does Translation occurs?

Answer 6

In ribosomes

Question 7

What does nuclear envelope do in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Separates transcription from translation

Question 8

Where does extensive RNA processing occurs?

Answer 8

In the nucleus.

Question 9

What is Transcription?

Answer 9

DNA-directed synthesis of RNA

Question 10

Transription by E.coli polymerase occurs in:

Answer 10

• Three phases known as initiation, elongation and termination

Question 11

Trancription factors are:

Answer 11

Protein which bind to DNA and regulate trancription

Question 12

Transcription begins

Answer 12

Upstream from the start codon

Question 13

Which of the following is necessary for transcription to occur?

Answer 13

Both DNA and RNA polymerase

Question 14

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, a promoter region that is rich in AT bases is called as:

Answer 14

TATA box

Question 15

The major function of RNA polymerase’s sigma factor is:

Answer 15

Recignition of the transcriptional start sequence

Question 16

The nucleons of eukaryotic cell has:

Answer 16

RNA polymerase 1, 11, 111 (all of these)

Question 17

Transcription results in

Answer 17

Messenger RNA

Question 18

RNA polymerase in prokaryotes has a removable:

Answer 18

Sigma subunit

Question 19

What is a promoter?

Answer 19

A specific sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds

Question 20

In prokaryoytes, transcription is:

Answer 20

Terminated by a protein called rho

Question 21

Enhancers are region that:

Answer 21

Modulate transcription

Question 22

Immediately after transcription

Answer 22

A methylated guanine cap is added to the 51 end of the transcript

Question 23

The closed complex at bacterial promoters is:

Answer 23

In equilibrium with free RNA polymerase and the promoter.

Question 24

The complex of RNA polymerase, DNA template and new RNA transcript is called:

Answer 24

Transcription bubble

Question 25

RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________ , which utilizes the enzyme __________

Answer 25

Transcription, RNA polymerase

Question 26

The transcriptional regulatory proteins in eukaryotes which induce transcription usually have

Answer 26

At least two distinct domains of protein structure, a DNA binding domain and an activation domain.

Question 27

The RNA polymerases that transcribe bacterial DNA are

Answer 27

Multisubunit enzymes

Question 28

Upstream regions which are essential for correct transcription are called:

Answer 28

Promoters

Question 29

Promoters for tRNAs are located

Answer 29

Downstream from the start codon

Question 30

In eukaryotes, there are three different RNA polymerases. The RNA polymerase responsible for transcription of mRNA is

Answer 30

RNA polymerase II

Question 31

Most transcripts of protein coding genes are cleaved

Answer 31

At the 3’ end just after a poly adenylation signal

Question 32

The first protein complex to bind to the TATA box is:

Answer 32

Transcription factor IID

Question 33

Transcription factors are:

Answer 33

Proteins which bind DNAand initiate transcription

Question 34

The lac operon is translated into __________ proteins.

Answer 34

3

Question 35

A mutation in the tip binding site of the repressor would result in

Answer 35

Constitutive TRP operon expression

Question 36

What are genes?

Answer 36

The functional unit of inheritance, a fragment of DNA, a portion of a chromosome

Question 37

Catabolite activating protein exerts __________ control on transcription of the lac operon genes.

Answer 37

Positive

Question 38

Tubulin is regulated by

Answer 38

Binding of tubulin to the tubulin translational product

Question 39

Sex hormones activate transcription of specific genes by

Answer 39

Binding to a transcription factor