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MD3001 - Cardiology History Taking > Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 steps of the inner consultation outlined by roger neighbour?

A
  1. Connecting with the patient
  2. Summarising
  3. Handing over
  4. Safety netting - What if?
  5. Housekeeping
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2
Q

How to elicit a history od presenting complaint?

A
  • Description of symptoms
  • Give them time to speak
  • Establish a full timeline of events
  • Relevant systems enquiry
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3
Q

What areas should be addressed in a past medical history?

A
  • Medical conditions
  • Hospital/GP visits
  • Operations/Procedures
  • Are problems: ongoing/managed/resolved
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4
Q

In a PHM what diseases are of high priority to establish information about when the complaint is related to the CVS?

A
  • History of vascular disease (coronary artery/ cerebrovascualr/ peripheral vascular)
  • Diabtetes
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Renal disease
  • Hypertension
  • Hypercholestroameia
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5
Q

What information should be collected when discussing drug history and allergies?

A
  • Precription medication
  • OTC mediciation
  • WHY are they taking them
  • Are the taking them correctly?
  • Allergy and adverse effects
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6
Q

Name some of the components of a social history

A
  • Upbringing
  • home lifer
  • occupation
  • finance
  • relationships
  • house
  • community support
  • sexual histroy
  • leisure activites
  • exercise
  • smoking and alcohol
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7
Q

Outline the system enquiry for the CVS

A
  • chest apin
  • breathlessness
    • Orthopnoea
    • Paroxysmal Nocyural dysnpnoea
  • Palpitations
  • Syncope/dizziness
  • Oedema
  • Peripheral vascular symptoms
  • Intermittent claudication
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8
Q

What are the cardiovascular causes for chest pain?

A
  • stable angina
  • acute coronary syndromes
  • pericarditis
  • aortic dissection
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9
Q

What are the respiratory causes of chest pain?

A
  • pulmonary embolus
  • pneumothorax
  • pneumonia
  • lung cancer
  • mesothelimona
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10
Q

Upper GI causes of chest pain

A

oesphgeal disease

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11
Q

Musculoskeletal causes of chest pain

A
  • trauma
  • muscual/rib injury
  • costochondritis
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12
Q

What is angina?

A

A clinical syndrom eof chest pain or pressure precipitated by activites such as exercise or emtoional stress which increase myocardial oxygen demand

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13
Q

Describe a myocardial infarction

A

Considered part of a spectrum referrred to as acute coronary syndrome

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14
Q

SOCRATES

A
  • Site
  • Onset
  • Character
  • Radiating?
  • Associated symptoms
  • Timing
  • Exacerbations
  • Severity
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15
Q

Modifable risk factors

A
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • High cholestrol
  • Psychosocial factors
  • Smoking
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16
Q

Unmodifiable risk factors

A
  • Ethnicity
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Family history
17
Q

How to differentiate between oesophageal disease from angina pectoris

A

Multistage exercise tests or normal angiogram should be evaluated for oesophageal disease

18
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

inflammation of the pericardium

19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pericarditis?

A

Acute onset of chest pain; eased by sitting up or leaning forward

Pain may be anywhere over the anterior chest wall; usually retrosternal

May radiate to the arm but characteristic radiation to the trapezius ridge

20
Q

Aortic Dissection

A
  • sudden and severe pain
  • Tearing and deep pain
  • Radiating to left shoulder/back
21
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Shortness of breath

22
Q

Cardiac causes of SOB

A

cardiac failure associated with angina or MI

23
Q

PND =

A

sensation of SOB that awakens the patient, often after 1- or 2- hours sleep and is relieved when sitting in the upright position

24
Q

Orthopnoea

A

Sense of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing

25
Q

When may palpitations occur?

A
  • Sinus rhythm
  • Intermittent irregularities - ectopic beats/extrasystoles
  • Abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia)
26
Q

Causes of dizziness/syncope

A
  • postural hypotension
  • Neurocardiogenic (vasovagal)
  • Micturition syncope
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
27
Q

Bilateral oedema causes

A
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Cor pulmonale
  • Cirrhosis
  • Acute renal failure
  • Medication
  • Sepsis
  • Myxoedema
  • Pregnanacy
  • Idiopathic
28
Q

Unilateral oedema causes

A
  • DVT
  • Chronic venous insufficiency
  • Compartment syndrome
  • retroperitoneal mass

MD3001 - Cardiology History Taking (2 decks)

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