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Biological Psychology > Lecture 8: The Structure of the CNS > Flashcards

Lecture 8: The Structure of the CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Nervous System divided into?

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What does the PNS divide into?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

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3
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System divide into?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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4
Q

What are the 2 key areas of the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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5
Q

What are the 3 brain structures/areas?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain

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6
Q

What does the forebrain divide into?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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7
Q

What is the Telencephalom?

A

Looking at the cerebral cortex and the limbic system

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8
Q

What is the Diencephalom?

A

Looking at the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is the part of the midbrain called?

A

Mesencephalon

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10
Q

What does the midbrain divide into?

A

Tectum and Tegmentum

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11
Q

What does the hindbrain divide into?

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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12
Q

What is the Metencephalon?

A

Looks at the cerebellum and Pons

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13
Q

What is the Myelencephalon?

A

Looks at the Medulla

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14
Q

What are the parasympathetic and sympathetic functions?

A

They work together to keep things in balance. Sympathetic increases something and the parasympathetic will decrease it (and vice versa). E.g. S will dilate pupils and PS constricts pupils. S accelerates hr and PS slows it down.

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15
Q

What happens after a stimulus is triggered?

A

It is picked up by sensory receptors in the PNS.

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16
Q

What happens after the stimulus triggered is picked up by sensory receptors?

A

This sense then detected in PNS.

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17
Q

What happens once the sense is detected in the PNS?

A

It is then turned into sensory info and sent through to the CNS.

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18
Q

What happens after the sense is turned into sensory info and sent to the CNS?

A

It goes through spinal cord and sends message to the brain.

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19
Q

What happens after the message has been sent to the brain?

A

Brain needs to recognise the info and decide what to do with it.

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20
Q

What happens after the brain recognises the info and decides what to do with it?

A

The CNS needs to send message back out through PNS through motor commands (may go to autonomic or somatic).

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21
Q

What happens after the CNS sends the message back through the PNS?

A

If we need to execute the message might use voluntary skeletal movements or it might be involuntary (making sure heart is pumping quicker or more slowly.

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22
Q

What are the signals coming in called?

A

Afferent signals

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23
Q

What are the signals coming out called?

A

Efferent signals

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24
Q

What is the VENTRAL anatomical direction?

A

Towards front of body and towards bottom of head

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25
Q

What is the DORSAL anatomical direction?

A

Towards back of body and towards top of head

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26
Q

What is the ANTERIOR/ROSTRAL anatomical direction?

A

Nose End

27
Q

What is the POSTERIOR/CAUDAL anatomical direction?

A

Tail End

28
Q

What is the LATERAL anatomical direction?

A

Towards the side

29
Q

What is the MEDIAL anatomical direction?

A

Towards the middle

30
Q

What is the BILATERAL anatomical direction?

A

On both sides of the body or head

31
Q

What is the IPSILATERAL anatomical direction?

A

On same side of body or head

32
Q

What is the CONTRALATERAL anatomical direction?

A

One opposite sides of body or head

33
Q

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

A

Horizontal, Sagittal and Coronal

34
Q

What is the Horizontal anatomical plane?

A

Cut horizontal

35
Q

What is the Sagittal anatomical plane?

A

Cut down the middle from the top (Vertical)

36
Q

What is the Coronal anatomical plane?

A

Cut like a slice of bread

37
Q

Where does the brain get energy from?

A

From the blood supply. Need a vast circulatory system to ensure constant supply of resources

38
Q

What are the facts about the brain?

A

The brain cannot store glucose. It relies on constant supply of blood for glucose and oxygen. Interruption in supply uses all the brains resources. Interruption causes unconsciousness. A few minutes of interruption can cause brain damage.

39
Q

What parts of the CNS need protecting and how are they protected?

A

The brain and spinal cord. Protected by skull and spinal column.

40
Q

What are Meninges?

A

A layer of packaging between skull and brain and then the spine and spinal column.

41
Q

What is Meningitis?

A

Infection or inflammation of the meninges

42
Q

What is the Blood-Brain-Barrier?

A

The CNS cannot kill viruses. BBB keeps out harmful substances. Small/uncharged molecules can pass through like O2 and CO2. Active transport system pumps essentials into brain - glucose, amino acids, vitamins and hormones

43
Q

What are the ventricles responsible for?

A

The production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Act as own cushion but produce CSF and send it out around the subarachnoid space. Acts as another layer of protection

44
Q

(HB) What does the Myelencephalon do?

A

Control of vital functions through receiving info on hr, bp, O2 and CO2 levels.
Cardiovascular system, Respiration and Muscle Tone

45
Q

(HB) What does the Metencephalon pons do?

A

Serves as a link (bridge) between hindbrain and midbrain. Also involved in respiration, eye movement, facial expressions and chewing.

46
Q

(HB) What does the Metencephalon cerebellum do?

A

Communicates to motor cortex and sense organs

  • Voluntary muscle movement
  • Maintenance of balance
  • Muscle tone and posture
47
Q

(MB) What does the Mesencephalon do?

A

Tectum is roof and Tegmentum is covering. Major pathway for sensory and motor impulses between forebrain and hindbrain.

48
Q

(MB) What is the Tectum?

A

Audiorty and visual communication

49
Q

(MB) What is the Tegmentum?

A

Sensory processes, movement, motor control (substantia nigra)

50
Q

(FB) What is the Telencephalon?

A

The hemispheres

51
Q

(FB) What is the Diencephalon?

A

The interbrain

52
Q

(FB) What is the Diencephalon in regards to the thalamus?

A

Thalamus (chamber): Receives sensory info and relays to sensory processing in cortex

53
Q

What is the Diencephalon in regards to the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland. Regulation of the ANS and Endocrine System

54
Q

(FB) What is the Corpus Collosum? (Telencephalon)

A

It is the in the middle of the 2 hemispheres. nerve fibres connect the hemispheres

55
Q

(FB) What is the White Matter?

A

Axons covered in myelin sheath

56
Q

(FB) What is Grey Matter?

A

Cortex made up of cells.

57
Q

(FB) What is the Limbic System?

A

A group of structures involved in stress and emotion, memory storage and retrieval

58
Q

(FB) What is the Cingulate Gyrus?

A

Controls emotional behaviour

59
Q

(FB) What is the Fornix?

A

Links hippocampus to hypothalamus

60
Q

(FB) What is the Amygdala?

A

Emotional processing and motivation

61
Q

(FB) What is the Hippocampus?

A

Involved in learning and memory (detection of threat)

62
Q

(FB) What are the 3 major grooves that divide the cortex and create 4 major divisions?

A

Longitudinal Fissure
Lateral Fissure
Central Sulucus

63
Q

(FB) What does the Central Sulucus divide?

A

Divides the Frontal lobe from the Parietal Lobe

64
Q

(FB) What does the Longitudinal Fissure divide?

A

Divides Temporal Lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobe

Biological Psychology (4 decks)

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