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Tear & Care > Lecture 8 - Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Shoulder Complex Flashcards

1
Q

bones and joints of the shoulder

A
  • clavicle
  • coracoid process
  • acromion
  • gleaned cavity
  • scapula
  • humerus
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2
Q

what joint is affected during a “shoulder separation” and best test for it

A

AC (Acromioclavicular) joint
- horizontal abduction

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3
Q

what joint is affected during a shoulder subluxation

A

GH (glenohumeral) joint
- doesn’t actually separate, the gap gets bigger and you sprain all your ligaments

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4
Q

characteristics about shoulder dislocations/subluxation

A
  • women are more prone to sub/dislocation
  • anterior dislocation is more common
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5
Q

explain the 2 most common ways to posteriorly dislocate shoulder

A
  • seizures
  • electric shock
    both caused by violent muscle contractions following seizure or electrocution
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6
Q

ligaments of the shoulder (that I need to know)

A
  • coracoacomial joint
  • acromioclavicular joint (AC)
  • coracoclavicular (2 parts)
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7
Q

muscles that make up the shoulder

A
  • deltoid (abbductors)
  • trapizius
  • rotator cuff muscles
  • rhomboids
  • long head of the biceps
  • pec major/minor
  • lattisimus dorsi
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8
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

SITS
- Subscapularis.
- Infraspinatus.
- Teres minor.
- Supraspinatus.

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9
Q

possible movements at the shoulder joint

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • internal/external rotation
  • abduction (vertical and horizontal)
  • adduction (vertical and horizontal)
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10
Q

epidemiology of shoulder injuries in rugby players

A
  • AC joint is the most commonly affected
  • MOI: player to player and player to ground contact
  • on average they miss 37 days of play
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11
Q

steps of a shoulder exam

A
  1. History
    - pervious injury, MOI
  2. Observation
    - deformity, swelling, discolouration
  3. ROM
    - active, passive, resisted
  4. Manual muscle testing
  5. Palpation
    - point tenderness of ligaments may be a good indicator of which strcutures are injured
  6. Special tests
  7. functional Ax
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12
Q

soft tissue injuries (involving the shoulder)

A
  • bone contusion
  • fractures
  • muscle contusion
  • muscular injury
  • tendinopathy
  • ligamentous injury
    sprains and labral tears
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13
Q

bone contusion

A

bone bruise, less severe than a bone fracture
MOI: contact to area
Observations:
- pain locally
- swelling
- pain with ROM, minimal to no decresae
- if repeated, may have increase bone formation present

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14
Q

muscle contusion

A

MOI: contact to area
Observtions
- pain locally
- hematoma
- swelling
- pain with ROM with decrease in ROM
- myositis ossificans

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15
Q

muscular injury

A

MOI: tissue contracting or stretching pas capacity
Observation
- swelling
- redness/bruising
- pain with active and resisted testing
common muscular injuries are rotator cuff, pectoralis, biceps

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16
Q

shoulder muscles commonly affected by teninopathy

A
  • rotator cuff muscles
  • both bicep tendons
17
Q

types of ligamentous injuries

A

sprains and labral tears

18
Q

Sprains

A

MOI: ligament/joint capsule is forced beyond normal ROM
Observation: point tenderness, decreased ROM and strength, pain with active and passive ROM

19
Q

SLAP tear

A

SLAP tear (Superior labrum anterior and posterior)
- top part of labrum is injured, this top area is also where the bicep tendon attaches to the labrum (isn’t always involved with a SLAP tear but can be)
MOI: FOOSH, repetitive overhead actions (throwing), and/or lifting heavy objects
Observation: catching sensations and deep pain

20
Q

types of labral tears

A
  • SLAP (10-2 on a clock)
  • Bankart (bony vs labral) (3-6 on a clock; anterior)
21
Q

Bankart tear

A

Bony
- labrum tears and a part of the bony glenoid fractures or breaks off. May lead to notable bone loss in the glenoid, a cause chronic instability
Labral
- an anteroinferior labral tear
- labrum tears from the glenoid, and the injury involves only the soft tissue. Most common

22
Q

management of shoulder injuries

A
  • RICE
  • taping and bracing (helpful in reducing reoccurrence of injury
  • ROM
  • strengthening
  • balance
  • functional/sport specific exercises
  • RTP
23
Q

fractures

A

MOI: external or internal force (fall, muscle force, external blow)
Observation
- deformity
- swelling
- pain

24
Q

most commonly fractured bone(s) in the shoulder girdle

A
  1. clavicle
  2. humerus (surgical neck)
  3. scapula (uncommon)
25
Q

why do ppl on anabolic steroids tear their bicept and pecs more frequently than gen pop

A
  • muscle grows very fast but the tendon doens’t grow as fast
  • they then overload the tendon

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