Lecture 1 - Emergency Procedures Flashcards
what is an emergency
a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action
- > it is hard to actually define but you just know it when you see it
responsibility of a student therapist
- > risk management
- > pre-practice or comp warm up, taping and bracing
- > injury management
- > post-practice/game cooldown
- > recovery recommendations
- > administration
- > education
Expressed vs implied consent
Expressed (consent is expressly and distinctly given)
- > introduce yourself
- > state level of training
- > explain what you think may be wrong
- > explain what you plan to do
Implied
- > someone is unconscious and in an emergency situation and can’t verbally give consent
define an EAP
Emergency Action Plan
- > an organized plan established to manage emergency situations efficiently and quickly
roles during an EAP
THREE C’s
charge person
- > in charge, doing the assessment, telling everyone what they and the patient need
call person
- > calling 911 and figuring out how to get emergency responders to the client
control person
- > controlling the crown and the surrounding environment
Steps to develop and EAP
- > where is the nearest telephone
- > EMS (emergency medical services) access door
- > medical forms
- > identify charge, control and call person
- > AED (automated external defibrilator) location
- > hospital location
- > practice
- > documentation (accident report)
key to a well executed EAP
PREPARATION
Major elements you must consider before you assess the scene
- > fire
- > wires
- > gas
- > glass
steps to a primary assessment
- Assess the scene
- Student therapist prepares (gloves, med kit, ect)
- Tell athlete you are there to help (consent)
- Control athlete
- Determine level of consciousness/vitals (ABCs; circulation, airway, breathing, look/listen/feel)
- Activate EAP (if needed, otherwise proceed further)
- Body scan (deformities, blood, discolouration, athletes position)
- What, where, how (injury details)
steps of a primary survey
- > care for life threatening conditions
- > check levels of consciousness
- > check to see if the person: (ABCs)
- has an open airway
- is breathing
- has signs of circulation
- is not bleeding severely
how to check level of consciousness (LOC)
- > gently tap the person and ask if they’re ok
*be careful not to jostle or move the person - > manually stabilize the head and neck if required
- > ask the client spacial temporal questions
- Person: what is your name
- Place: where are we
- Time: what time of day is it (approx; morning, afternoon, night)
- Event: what happened
glasgow coma scale (GCS)
- > used to measure the extend of level of impaired consciousness
Motor Response - 1 - > no motor response
- 3 - > flexes to pain/ some response
- 6 - > obeys commands
Verbal Response - 1 - > No response
- 3 - > inappropriate words
- 5 - > orient and converses
Eye Opening - 4 - > Spontaneous
- 3 - > to voice
- 2 - > to pain
- 1 - > no response
MAX GCS IS 15; GCS<8 REQUIRES AGGRESSIVE RESUSCITATION
how to check if an airway is open/compromized
- > check for open airway
- > is the person responding to you
if no - > head-tilt/chin-lift
if yes - > gather further information
- > determine the chief complaint
how to check for breathing
check for normal breathing
look - chest movement does not mean air is reaching the lungs; look for distressed breathing, increased effort in resp. cyanosis
listen
feel
cyanosis
when skin turns blue i.e. face, finger nails
how to check for circulation
check…
- > skin colour
- > pulse
- > effective breathing
- > check for severe bleeding (wet check- rub ringers under body and do they come back bloody)
where to check for a pulse
babies
- > brachial pulse
unconscious person
- > corodid (already holding head since we always assume spinal trauma)
conscious person
- > radial pulse
shock is ________
always considered a life threatening injury
- > when a critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body; they’re not getting enough blood and oxygen to their organs when they’re in shock
vital signs that we check for
- > LOC
- > breathing
- > pulse
- > skin (moisture, colour, temp)
- > BP (not responsible)
- > pupils
Types of respiration rates, rhythm, and quality
Rate
- > slow, shallow, rapid
Rhythm
- > regular, irregular, patterned
Quality
- > depressed, laboured gasping, noisy, ect
types of pulse rate, rhythm, and quality
Rate
- > rapid, normal, slow
Rhythm
- > irregular and regular
Quality
- > strong, normal, weak
types of skin colour, temperature and conditions
Colour
- > red, white (pallor), blue (cyanosis), yellow (jaundice)
Temp
- > cold, cool, warm, hot
Condition
- > moisture level, clammy, dry
pulse and respiration rates for newborns, babies, children, and adults
Newborn
- > pulse 120-160; resp 40-60/min
Baby (0-1)
- > pulse 100-120; resp 30-40
Child (1-8)
- > pulse 80-120; resp 16-24
Adult (8+)
- > pulse 60-80; resp 12-20
*if an athlete goes down mid play these reading may be elevated *
how to do a body scan
- > start with head and work your way down to the feet; always assume spinal injury
- > look (inspect), listen, and feel (palpate) for injuries
- > with the persons permission expose and palpate suspected injures
biggest concern when dealing with a contusion (bruise)
- > if a hematoma is not drained from a bruise or fracture site a bone could develop within the bruise (myositis ossificans)
- > this is why we keep injuries elevated; to drain the blood and stop this from happening
