Lecture 8- Psychotic disorders

Question 1

what are the 6 major psychotic symptoms

Answer 1

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized thinking (speech)
Grossly disorganized/abnormal motor behavior (Catatonic)
Negative symptoms

Question 2

List the 5 different forms of psychotic disorders, and what are the factors that differentiate them from one another

Answer 2

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform 
Schizoaffective
Delusional disorder
Brief psychosis

They are differentiated by

• duration of symptoms and
• number of major symptoms shown.

Question 3

Delusions are fixed beliefs not amendable to change even with conflicting evidence. Match the following to its respective type of delusion in sequence:

1) Belief regarding health and organ functions
2) Belief that certain gestures (environment cues etc) are directed at oneself
3) Belief that one is going to be harmed
4) Belief that one has exceptional abilities, fame, wealth
5) Belief that a major catastrophe will occur
6) Belief that another is in love with him/her

Answer 3

1) Somatic
2) Referential
3) Persecutory
4) Grandiose
5) Nihilistic
6) Erotomanic

Question 4

What is the definition of hallucinations

Answer 4

Perception-like experiences that can occur without external stimulus

Question 5

What is disorganized thinking in speech and psychosis also known as? List 2 examples of disorganized speech

Answer 5

Formal thought disorder.

Flight of ideas
Incoherence
Derailment
Pressure of speech

Question 6

What is the belief that certain gestures are directed at oneself?

Answer 6

Grandiose

Question 7

What is the term for a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment?

Answer 7

Catatonia

Question 8

What does negative symptoms mean in psychosis?
Diminished emotional expression
Avolition- decrease self motivation
Alogia- Diminished speech output
Anhedonia- decrease ability to feel pleasure
Asociality- lack of interest in social interactions

Answer 8

Absence of normal characteristics

Question 9

What is the term for diminished speech output?

Answer 9

Alogia (Under neg symptoms of Psychosis)

Question 10

What is the term for decreased self-motivation

Answer 10

Avolition (Under neg symptoms of Psychosis)

Question 11

TRUE or FALSE. Hallucinations and delusions are present at various degrees of severity

Answer 11

true. Continuum of psychotic disoders

Question 12

What are the 2 compulsory criteria across all disorders including psychotic ones?

Answer 12

1) Marked functional impairment in social, occupational, interpersonal situations
2) Must not be due to other psychological illnesses, substance use or medical conditions.

Question 13

What is the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?

Answer 13

1) 2 or more of major symptoms
2) Persist for 6 months or more
3) Marked functional impairment in social, occupational, interpersonal situations
4) Must not be due to other psychological illnesses, substance use or medical conditions.

Question 14

Difference and similarity between schizophreniform and schizoaffective

Answer 14

Schizophreniform persists between 1 to 6 months, schizoaffective persists for at least 2 weeks without any major mood episode (depressive/mania)

Both disorders must present at least 2 or more of major symptoms (Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Catatonia, negative symptoms)

Question 15

Brief psychosis persist for 1 day- a month, with at least 1 major symptom. But it is often specified in 3 ways, what are they?

Answer 15

• with marked stressor
• without marked stressor
• with postpartum onset (if onset is during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum)

Question 16

What is the usual age of onset for schizophrenia?

Answer 16

20-30 late adolescence to early adulthood

Question 17

True or false. Are individuals with psychosis usually violent? What are some factors that contribute to violence in psychotic individuals?

Answer 17

False.

Factors that contribute to violence:
Past history of violence		
Substance use
Certain personality traits		
Paranoid beliefs;
Social circumstances       	
Being male
Content of auditory hallucinations;	
Being young

Question 18

True or false. Genetic relatedness does NOT increase risk of schizophrenia

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

Give 2 examples of biological and psychological factors of psychotic disorders.

Answer 19

Biological factors:
Neurotransmitters (Dopamine hypothesis etc)
Brain structure (Enlarged ventricles etc)
Brain function (Deficits in neuro & social cognition etc)

Psychological factors:
Role of family (Schizo parents etc)
Social (Migration, social exclusion etc)
Childhood trauma
Stress (Stress vulnerability model)
Cognitive (Morrison's model of psychosis)

Question 20

In Morrison’s model of psychosis, every individual experience ‘intrusions into awareness’ through dreams and thoughts etc. How does this affect psychotic individuals/

Answer 20

They tend to make culturally inappropriate interpretations of these experiences (e.g These can’t be my thoughts so i must be hearing voices)

Question 21

Gender age and education are risk factors for relapse of psychosis post-recovery. True or false

Answer 21

False.