Lecture 8- Psychotic disorders Flashcards
Introduce the different psychotic disorders described in DSM5; Discuss the various changes in conceptualisations about psychosis over time; Introduce some of the ongoing controversies and critical discussions in the field.
what are the 6 major psychotic symptoms
Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized thinking (speech) Grossly disorganized/abnormal motor behavior (Catatonic) Negative symptoms
List the 5 different forms of psychotic disorders, and what are the factors that differentiate them from one another
Schizophrenia Schizophreniform Schizoaffective Delusional disorder Brief psychosis
They are differentiated by
- duration of symptoms and
- number of major symptoms shown.
Delusions are fixed beliefs not amendable to change even with conflicting evidence. Match the following to its respective type of delusion in sequence:
1) Belief regarding health and organ functions
2) Belief that certain gestures (environment cues etc) are directed at oneself
3) Belief that one is going to be harmed
4) Belief that one has exceptional abilities, fame, wealth
5) Belief that a major catastrophe will occur
6) Belief that another is in love with him/her
1) Somatic
2) Referential
3) Persecutory
4) Grandiose
5) Nihilistic
6) Erotomanic
What is the definition of hallucinations
Perception-like experiences that can occur without external stimulus
What is disorganized thinking in speech and psychosis also known as? List 2 examples of disorganized speech
Formal thought disorder.
Flight of ideas
Incoherence
Derailment
Pressure of speech
What is the belief that certain gestures are directed at oneself?
Grandiose
What is the term for a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment?
Catatonia
What does negative symptoms mean in psychosis?
Diminished emotional expression
Avolition- decrease self motivation
Alogia- Diminished speech output
Anhedonia- decrease ability to feel pleasure
Asociality- lack of interest in social interactions
Absence of normal characteristics
What is the term for diminished speech output?
Alogia (Under neg symptoms of Psychosis)
What is the term for decreased self-motivation
Avolition (Under neg symptoms of Psychosis)
TRUE or FALSE. Hallucinations and delusions are present at various degrees of severity
true. Continuum of psychotic disoders
What are the 2 compulsory criteria across all disorders including psychotic ones?
1) Marked functional impairment in social, occupational, interpersonal situations
2) Must not be due to other psychological illnesses, substance use or medical conditions.
What is the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?
1) 2 or more of major symptoms
2) Persist for 6 months or more
3) Marked functional impairment in social, occupational, interpersonal situations
4) Must not be due to other psychological illnesses, substance use or medical conditions.
Difference and similarity between schizophreniform and schizoaffective
Schizophreniform persists between 1 to 6 months, schizoaffective persists for at least 2 weeks without any major mood episode (depressive/mania)
Both disorders must present at least 2 or more of major symptoms (Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Catatonia, negative symptoms)
Brief psychosis persist for 1 day- a month, with at least 1 major symptom. But it is often specified in 3 ways, what are they?
- with marked stressor
- without marked stressor
- with postpartum onset (if onset is during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum)
What is the usual age of onset for schizophrenia?
20-30 late adolescence to early adulthood
True or false. Are individuals with psychosis usually violent? What are some factors that contribute to violence in psychotic individuals?
False.
Factors that contribute to violence: Past history of violence Substance use Certain personality traits Paranoid beliefs; Social circumstances Being male Content of auditory hallucinations; Being young
True or false. Genetic relatedness does NOT increase risk of schizophrenia
False.
Give 2 examples of biological and psychological factors of psychotic disorders.
Biological factors:
Neurotransmitters (Dopamine hypothesis etc)
Brain structure (Enlarged ventricles etc)
Brain function (Deficits in neuro & social cognition etc)
Psychological factors: Role of family (Schizo parents etc) Social (Migration, social exclusion etc) Childhood trauma Stress (Stress vulnerability model) Cognitive (Morrison's model of psychosis)
In Morrison’s model of psychosis, every individual experience ‘intrusions into awareness’ through dreams and thoughts etc. How does this affect psychotic individuals/
They tend to make culturally inappropriate interpretations of these experiences (e.g These can’t be my thoughts so i must be hearing voices)
Gender age and education are risk factors for relapse of psychosis post-recovery. True or false
False.
