Lecture 2- Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What is the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia?
There is a relationship (prior to DSM5, they were linked), but the exact
nature is unclear. Nearly 50% or more of people with agoraphobia do not experience panic
attacks
Joe LeDoux and Danny Pine say that fear and anxiety are responses to harm or threat but that they differ with regard to the characteristics of that harm or threat. What is the main difference in this respect regarding fear and anxiety?
Fear – threat/harm is imminent. Anxiety – threat/harm is uncertain in space or time.
Anxiety disorders are typically considered to be disorders of avoidance behavior. However, it is often the case that individuals with these conditions experience an internal conflict (e.g., they want to go to a party to meet new people, but are terrified of how they
might be received or rejected). What is the name of this state wherein people simultaneously want to do something and not do something?
Approach-avoidance conflict.
Answer (0.75 points): Freezing behaviour
TRUE/FALSE. Cognitive behavioral therapy is generally considered the best treatment approach for mild-moderate anxiety.
TRUE
When discussing specific phobias, 7 of the most common phobias (all with lifetime prevalence > 2%) were presented. List one of the most common things that people are specifically afraid of with respect to specific phobias.
- Animals
- Heights
- Closed spaces
- Flying
- Blood
- Water
- Storms
Very briefly, explain the relationship between panic attacks and panic disorder. Consider whether panic attacks are necessary and/or sufficient for panic disorder.
Panic disorder requires the occurrence of a panic attack (followed by a period of being concerned about and changing behavior to avoid another panic attack).
One can have a panic attack and not necessarily meet criteria for panic disorder. In other words, panic attacks are a necessary but not a sufficient part of panic disorder
Consider Edna Foa’s model of Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia. When someone has a
panic attack, they exhibit a strong response to some external cue and misinterpret which type of signals/symptoms? Hint, these symptoms are what are characteristic of panic disorder.
- Somatic signals
- Bodily responses
- Physiology
- Physical anxiety
- Somatic sensations
Consider DSM5 criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder. What is it in particular that individuals with social anxiety commonly fear? In other words, what response/behavior is it that they are especially concerned about receiving from others?
- Negative evaluation
- Being embarrassed
- Being humiliated
- Being rejected
- Offending others
- Criticism
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is known to have high comorbidity (i.e., cooccurrence with other disorders). Which disorder or category of disorder most commonly co-occurs with GAD?
- Mood Disorders
- Depression
- Dysthymia/Persistent Depressive Disorder
Answer (0.5 point):
- Any Other Anxiety Disorder (Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, SAD)
Tom Borkovec’s avoidance theory of worry suggests that worry is a cognitive attempt to avoid what?
- Aversive somatic experiences
- (Aversive) emotional experiences
Internalizing vs externalizing disorder
explain and give examples
internalizing disorder
- keeps problem to themselves
- characterize by fear and neg affect
e. g. anxiety, depression
Externalizing disorder
- portray behavior to environment
- associated w antisocial behavior
e. g. ADHD
anxiety vs anxiety disorder. what is the key factor of anxiety disorder?
Anxiety= normal reaction to stress. motivates you to accomplish things/ impt for fight or flight situations
Anxiety disorder= excessive and intense anxiety + other symptoms.
- Key marker: A stressor is present (although sometimes patient cant identify source of stress
- normal tasks e.g. paying bills, can also cause anxiety
