Lecture 8 - Psychoactive Drugs

Question 1

plant metabolite legislation

Answer 1

-keep them out of hands of amateurs
-stopping harm (similar to seat belt laws)
-to create/reinforce professional monopolies - medical and professional
reinforce ideology and religion

Question 2

psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

• effect cns, dosage dependent
• medicinal, psychoactive, toxic
• individual responses may vary

Question 3

substances can be divided into 3 categories

Answer 3

• stimulants: enhance cns
• depressants: dull awareness
• hallucinogens : cause perception changes

Question 4

addiction

Answer 4

psychological and physical

tolerance is related

Question 5

qat (stimulant)

Answer 5

from catha edulis tree in ethiopia
-leaves are chewed, feeling of euphoria and stimulation
after 3 hours turns into depression
-leaves cut in morning and delivered to market
at noon, yemenis take long break and qat parties begin
60% of women in yemen use and 90% of men

Question 6

cathinone

cathine

Answer 6

• schedule 1 drug: illegal and possession results in 20 year sentence
• schedule 4 drug: illegal and possession results in 3 year sentence

Question 7

opium (depressant)

Answer 7

papaver somniferum - opium poppy
-renound painkiller and produces visions
many active compounds: morphine, papaverine and 20 others
-oldest effective drug in history

Question 8

morphine

Answer 8

• isolated from opium
• depresses and reduces anxiety
• widely used for first time in american civil war (medical)

Question 9

heroin

Answer 9

-diacetyl morphine
-initially used as cough suppressant
all heroin is gang produced because medical profession rejected it

Question 10

hallucinogenic drugs

Answer 10

very low usage in NA - except in native american church
-0.5 % use in NA
best known non plant is mushrooms
plant is peyote - long history of use in central and south america