Lecture 5 - Coffee and Tea

Question 1

three caffeinated drinks

Answer 1

-coffee tea and chocolate
-all caffeinated, stimulates nerves, not dangerous drug
can be dangerous during pregnancy
-commercially important

Question 2

tea

Answer 2

camellia benesis, pruned by hand to waist height

• buds and young leaves are picked
• types of tea depend on drying method

Question 3

Black tea
Green tea
oolong teas

Answer 3

• picked leaves are withered then placed in cool room then rolled and dried
• leaves arent withered leaves are steamed, rolled and dried
• briefly withered then processed like green tea

Question 4

ilex paraguariensis
Ilex vomitoria
Ilex guayusa

Answer 4

• holly plants, yerba mate (argentina)
• Yaupan from N/S carolina was used by first nations and tea substitute during civil war with no current commercial use
• first nations use, Jesuits recommended it against STDs, no current commercial use

Question 5

coffee species

Answer 5

genus : coffea
arabica - originally from Ethiopia
canephora - Robusta coffee, West and Central Africa more bitter
Liberica - west africa and tends to be filler

Question 6

Coffee harvest and processing

Answer 6

coffee cherries picked and then depulped then ‘fermented’

• enzymes continue to break down pulp
• must be roasted aas sugars converted to lepto-organic compounds (flavour)

Question 7

Coffee introduction

Answer 7

-introduced into west from ottoman empire to paris in 17th century
-considered an elite drink
spread through europe because it was considered fashionable in france

Question 8

Chocolate

Answer 8

theobroma cocao tree

• new world plant/tree, Portugese took it to West Africa
• Mayans discovered that fermentation and roasting improved flavour

Question 9

White chocolate

Answer 9

• if beans are pressed produce chocolate liquor
• if cocoa butter removed from chocolate liquor, butter is now called white chocolate
• legally/technically not chocolate as it has different feed stock

Question 10

chocolate and class

Answer 10

Aztec and mayan elite, concoction of plant products sourced from hundreds of miles away
dyed with annetto - red like blood and was ritual drink

Question 11

Quakers

Answer 11

early 19th century, english chocolate manufacturers
-persecuted, banned from med and law schools and universities
-Teetotallers - didnt drink alcohol
invented fizzy drinks
join forces with other socialists to create english labour party

Question 12

Samuel fry

Answer 12

• twinned newly invented steam engine to a chocolate grinder
• also inventor of the chocolate bar, made it cheaper to produce and new vectors for mass audience to consume chocolate

Question 13

what do these caffeinated drinks have in common

Answer 13

tea is number 1 caffeinated drink in the world because of hot drinks revolution

• coke is #1 cold drink in the world
• caffeinated drinks defeated comfort drinks

Question 14

saloop

Answer 14

orchid root powder
orange and rosewater flavouring
can still get it only in Istanbul

Question 15

caffeinated drinks changed culture

Answer 15

changed modern personality

• 16th century france, britain, Germany people drank wine/beer for breakfast
• water was bad and hot drinks changed social life

Question 16

Penny universities

Answer 16

coffeehouses in england

led to new institutions, royal society which was first scientific society