Lecture 8: Part 3 Flashcards
partially movable joints are called
amphiarthroses
immovable joints are called
synarthroses
an example of synarthroses
skull
what are the 5 functions of the bones?
- Framework
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Blood Cell formation
epidermal seal found in nonliving layer in protochordates, lungfishes, and larval amphibians
cuticle
epidermal seal found in mucous- found in fish and amphibians
mucoid coat
epidermal seal found in all, but more pronounced in terrestrial vertebrates
keratin
circles of the bone is called
lamella
circles of the bone with central canals
Haversian system
a compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
central canal
blood vessels and nerves go through lamellar bone to supply lacunae
perforating small canals
osteocytes reside in the space called
lacuna
- is a form of movement especially of
amoebas and other unicellular forms - it is also found in many wandering cells of
metazoans
ameboid movement
What do ameboid cells send out and withdraw from any point in the cell to change their shape? It is also known as “false feet”
pseudopodia
- Are minute, hairlike, motile processes that extend from the surfaces of the cells of
many animals. - Found in all major groups of animals.
cilia
Is a whiplike structure longer that a cilium and usually present singly or in small
numbers at one end of a cell.
flagellum
flagellum can be found in
- members of flagellate protists
- animal spermatozoans
- sponges.
muscular movement depends mostly on what system?
actinomyosin system
types of invertebrate muscles
- striated
- smooth
- fibrilar
types of vertebrate muscles
- Smooth
- striated (cardiac and skeletal)
- is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move.
- in vertebrates, it is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles can be completely autonomous.
muscular system
what are the functions of a muscle?
- provide strength
- balance
- posture
- movement
- heat to keep the body warm
is a tissue composed of long, cylindrical,
multinucleate muscle fibers.
skeletal muscle
what are the two muscle proteins?
myosin and actin
are a large superfamily of motor proteins that move along actin filaments, while hydrolyzing ATP.
myosin
is the most abundant protein in the typical eukaryotic cell, accounting for about 15% in some cell types.
actin
- is a syncytium by intercalated disc
- unique variety of striated muscle tissue.
- capable of contracting without neural stimulation.
cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue contains
myofibrils and filaments of actin and myosin
what does smooth muscle tissue consist of>
- fusiform
- uninucleate,
- myofibrils
smooth muscle tissue lacks
cross-striations
What do you call the process of bone formation?
ossification
Where are osteocytes produced?
lamella
What do you call the stem cells of the osteoblast?
osteogenic cell
What do you call the plasma membrane of muscles?
sarcolemma
What do you call the cytoplasm of muscle cells?
sarcoplasm
The functional unit of contraction
sarcomere
Spongy spaces are occupied by
red marrow
Spaces in the diaphysis are occupied by
yellow marrow
Most bone develops from cartilage and is called
endochondral (“within-cartilage”) or replacement bone
All bone develops first as – , but some bones, through further deposition of bone matrix, become –.
spongy bone; compact
