Lecture 8 NS - Organisation of CNS 2 Flashcards
What is the structure of the brain?
What are the functions of the brainstem?
Controls vital functions -> cardio and resp, cranial nerves provide sensory and motor innervation to the head, ascending and descending pathways connect the spinal cord with the forebrain (as conduit)
Where do the cranial nerves innervate?
Facial area
What is the reticular activating system?
Controls level of consciousness -> ^ levels = ^ conciousness
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Coordinates movement -> monitors immediate area and modifies movement; and is involved in learning motor skills
What are the functions of the diencephalon?
Contains several nuclei with different functions -> Thalamus: acts as relay station for the cerebral cortex; hypothalamus: coordinates homeostatic mechanisms
What are the functions of the cerebral hemispheres?
Basal ganglia [core] -> involved in control of movement; cerebral cortex [outside] -> involved in all functions; corpus callosum -> interconnects corresponding parts of 2 hemispheres across midline
What are sulci?
Crevices between folds in cortex
How are the cortical lobes separated?
By the sulci:
What does each sulci separate?
Central sulci -> frontal/parietal. Parieto-occipital -> parietal/occipital Lateral sulcus -> Frontal/temporal
What are the different functional cortical areas?
MOTOR: Top -> lower limb; bottom -> head so little man lying up and down. SENSORY: Top -> lower limb, bottom -> head, so another little man. Primary auditory cortex -> for hearing, visual cortex for seeing. White areas are for learning, decision making -> association
What are Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas used for?
Wernicke’s understanding language and comprehension; Broca’s for forming speech (tend to be dominant in left hemisphere)
What is contained in the ventricular system?
CSF
What is the lateral ventrical associated with?
The middle of the lobes -> communicate with the 3rd ventricle
What is the third ventricle associated with?
Bisects the diencephalon
What does the aqueduct go through?
Goes through the midbrain
What does the 4th ventricle go through?
Through the pons
What does the central canal go through?
Goes through the medulla, which then continues into the spinal cord