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Rad Pro 3 > Lecture 8; Mobile Radiography > Flashcards

Lecture 8; Mobile Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What does PACU stand for?

A

Post-Anesthetic Care Unit or RR

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2
Q

What does CCU stand for?

A

Coronary Care Unit

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3
Q

What are the special care units in the hospital?

A

Special Care Units: ICU, NICU, PACU (Post-Anesthetic Care Unit or RR), CCU (Coronary Care Unit)

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4
Q

Read over the list of places where MRTs are present:

A

Emergency Department
Special Care Units: ICU, NICU, PACU (Post-Anesthetic Care Unit or RR), CCU (Coronary Care Unit)
Patient Rooms
OR - Surgical Suites
Surgical Day Care Units
Morgue

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5
Q

What type of mobile equipment is this?

A

Portable X-Ray (CR)

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6
Q

What type of mobile equipment is this?

A

Carestream-Portable machine

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7
Q

T/F

DR portables changes certain protocols.

A

True

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8
Q

What type of imaging has the highest occupational exposures for MRTs

A

Mobile radiography

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9
Q

What is the minimum distance from the patient for mobile imaging?

A

3 meters at 90 degrees

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10
Q

T/F

Lead is not required with mobile radiography.

A

False; lead is requried

Even though it may be different when we get into placement

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11
Q

T/F

When doing mobile imaging, you should position yourself perpendicular to the central ray

A

True

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12
Q

Who is responsible if the surgeon is not wearing lead?

A

The MRT

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13
Q

What are the technical considerations when it comes to mobile imaging?

A
  1. SID
  2. Grid
  3. Patient Condition (fluid vs. air, cast)
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14
Q

What are APRs?

A

Preset anatomic programs

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15
Q

What are the two technical factors that you can adjust in mobile radigraphy besides the SID?

A

kVp and mAs only

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16
Q

There is no reciprocity with mobile equipment

A

TRUE!!!!!!

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17
Q

How do you decrease motion in mobile radiography?

A

Increase your kVp by 20 and decrease you mAs by half

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18
Q

What is the minimum source to patient distance in mobile radiography?

A

-Minimum source to patient distance is 30 cm

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19
Q

If you increase your SID from 40”-72”, how much do you need to increase the exposure?

A

3.24 times more exposure

Inverse Square Law

72 divided by 40 squared

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20
Q

If you increased your SID from 50”-72”, how much would you need to increase your exposure?

A

2.07 times more exposure

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21
Q

What are the 3 benefits of larger SIDs?

A
  1. Less beam divergence-less anatomy cut off
  2. Increased SR
  3. Less dose to the patient
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22
Q

What are the 3 benefits of smaller SIDs?

A
  1. Less wear on the tube
  2. Can use it to our advantage for beam divergence
  3. Shorter exposure times….less motion
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23
Q

If you were to pick a grid for a portable, what would you pick?

A

6:1 Parallel grid

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24
Q

When should you use a grid?

A

When the anatomy is > 10cm (used when greater than 10)

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25
Q

T/F

The grid must be perpendicular and centered to the Central Ray

A

True

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26
Q

Off-centering of how much will produce cut off on a focused grid?

A

2.5 cm will produce grid cut-off on a focused grid

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27
Q

What are the benefits of virtual grids?

A

1.Significant weight reduction
2.Reduces grid misalignment issues
3.Potential for dose reductions (if we are not worrying about being misaligned)

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28
Q

If a patient has a Fiberglass cast, how much of an increase needs to be made to exposure?

A

25% to 30% (or on average 3-4 kVp)

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29
Q

If a patient has a Plaster cast, how much of an increase needs to be made to exposure?

A

Medium – 50% (go up 5 kVp)
Large plaster – 100% (go up10 kVp)

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30
Q

If plaster is wet, what changes need to be made to exposure?

A

You need to go up another step in mAs

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31
Q

What would be the technique for a large, wet plaster cast? Original technique is 60 kVp at 2 mAs. What technique are we using?

A

70 at 2.5 mAs

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32
Q

What are the steps of mAs starting from 1?

A

1, 1.25, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5, 6.4

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33
Q

When should you wash your hands?

A
  1. When hands are soiled
  2. After coming in contact with blood or body fluids
  3. Before beginning invasive procedures
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34
Q

When should hand sanitizer be used?

A

To be used when hands do not appear to be soiled

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35
Q

When should a hand hygeiene proceedure be done?

A
  1. Before initial patient or patient environment contact
  2. Before aseptic procedure
  3. After body fluid exposure
  4. After patient or patient environment contact, after gloves are removed
36
Q

How long should hand hygeiene be preformed for?

A

15 seconds

37
Q

What are the 2 Types of Patients are cared for in Isolation Units?

A

1) Patients who have an infectious microorganism (disease) that can be spread to HCW (keeps HC and other patients safe)
2) Patients who need protection from potentially lethal microorganisms

38
Q

What are the 3 different methods of transmission of virses/bacteria/illness?

A

Contact
Airborne
Droplet

39
Q

How are contact diseases spread?

A
  1. direct contact
  2. indirect contact (fomites)
40
Q

What PPE is needed to contact precautions?

A

Gloves
Gown

Gown only needed if patient is an inpatient

41
Q

What are the common contact diseases?

A

Hep A, HIV, MRSA, VRE, C- Diff, Scabies, Lice, ESBL

42
Q

T/F

No mask is required for contact precautions

A

True

43
Q

How are droplet diseases spread?

A

coughing, sneezing, talking

44
Q

T/F

No gloves or gown required for droplet precautions

A

True

45
Q

What are the common droplet infections?

A

Influenza, mumps, most pneumonias, meningococcal meningitis, COVID-19

46
Q

What PPE is required for droplet precautions?

A

Surgical Mask with Visor or Goggles (within 3 ft)

47
Q

What PPE is required for airborne precautions

A

N95 mask

48
Q

What are the common airborne infections?

A

SARS, chicken pox, TB

49
Q

What mode of transmission is this describing?

Microbes remain suspended in air

A

Airborne

50
Q

What PPE is required for patients who need protection from potential lethal microorganisms?

A

Gown
Gloves
Mask
Cap
Boot Covers

51
Q

What are some other names for Reverse Isolation?

A

Expanded Precautions/Strict Isolation

52
Q

What type of patients require reverse isolation?

A

Transplant recipients (that are in failure), AIDS patients, burn patients

53
Q

Why would burn patients require reverse isolation?

A

with burn patients, they have lost the first layer of protection of skin

54
Q

What are the chronological steps of prior to preforming a mobile exam?

A
  1. Announce your presence to nursing staff
  2. Ensure correct patient (2 forms of ID): Don’t bring in portable yet
  3. Introduce yourself and explain exam
  4. Prepare room (move chairs, angle bed
  5. Ask others to leave room
  6. Bring in mobile and begin positioning
55
Q

Why do you need to announce your presence tto the nursing staff prior to communicating with the patient?

A

Procedure may not have been completed yet, nurse may not want to be present, nurse can provide a patient history, nurse can assist (nurse can help to lift the patient).

56
Q

Watch the following videos

A

http://youtu.be/TNPtqwpc5Iw
http://youtu.be/DSH8tU_r7MI

57
Q

What should be placed over the detector during mobile examinations? Why?

A

Pillow-case or plastic bag
-To protect the detector
-Pillowcase; patient comfort, slides easier than plastic bag

58
Q

Do you need to announce “X-ray” every time you preform a mobile exam?

A

Yes

59
Q

If the patient is semi-supine, what direction would the arrow be facing?

A

Sideways (out)

60
Q

T/F

When moving ECG lines off the patient, MRT’s are only allowed to touch the outside of the gown

A

True

(nurses can go under the gown)

61
Q

When is supine imaging reccommended for portable exams?

A

-initial post-op in ICU (coming from the OR and not awake yet)
-line or feeding tube placement (because stomach may be down to the pelvis if asthenic)
-patient has a femoral line (may kink the line)
-patient is too unstable
-hip or spine fractures, patient in traction

62
Q

What type of imaging is best for portable chest x rays?

A

Erect imaging

63
Q

Patient has a HICMAN; what position are you doing?

A

Try to do erect

64
Q

T/F

Detector or cassette is often landscape or crosswise for larger men

A

True

65
Q

T/F

Detector or cassette is mainly portrait or lengthwise for women

A

True

66
Q

When you are doing feeding tube chest imaging, what orientation should the detector be in?

A

Always portrait

67
Q

Where should the CR be in relation to the sternum in mobile imaging of the chest?

A

CR perpendicular to sternum

68
Q

If you are imaging a larger patient, and you don’t know how wide you need to collimate, what is a good landmark to collimate out to?

A

Collimate to middle of humeral heads

69
Q

T/F

NEVER remove splints without permission

A

True

Document if splint was unable to be removed

70
Q

If you are allowed to remove a splint, what should you do prior to removing the boot?

A

Deflate the boot

71
Q

When moving fractured extremities, where should you support?

A

support proximal and distal to fracture site

72
Q

What movements should you avoid doing on a patient following an arthroplasty?

A

-Never cross patient’s legs (often pillow between legs)
-Never flex hip past 90 degrees

73
Q

How much collimation do you need past the arthroplasty prosthesis

A

Need at least 1” past metal prosthesis

(if you don’t get this, you need to repeat or take another image)

74
Q

What do the red and yellow arrows measure?

A

-They measure the distance from the red and the yellow to tell if they are equal (space is starting to wear out)

75
Q

What do the blue arrows point to?

A

-Blue arrows; stress response reaction (will turn into a fracture right through the femur)

76
Q

What is located in between a metal hip prosthesis?

A

In between the head is the spacer=Plastic device that allows the metal to move freely

77
Q

What are the three Positioning Principles for Mobile Radiography of Extremities?

A
  1. Principle 1:Two Projections - 90˚ to each other
  2. Principle 2: Entire structure or area of interest on the IR
  3. Principle 3: Maintain Safety! (Physical and Radiation)
78
Q

What image/(s) need to be done for Constipation (fecal impaction, fecal loading) on a portable?

A

Supine imaging

79
Q

What image/(s) need to be done for Ascites on a portable?

A

Supine image

80
Q

What image/(s) need to be done for free air on a portable?

A

Left lateral decubitus and supine

81
Q

What image/(s) need to be done for a foreign body on a portable?

A

Supine and lateral (to figure out where it was)

82
Q

What image/(s) need to be done for FT, NG tube placement on a portable?

A

Supine image

83
Q

T/F

All supine portable x rays should include an arrow

A

True

84
Q

What PPE should be worn/done when imaging neonates?

A

Hand hygiene, gown, glove, mask, disinfect portable

85
Q

What is a quick and efficient to reduce risk of hypothermia with neonates while imaging?

A

IR – in tray under isolette OR cover with warm soft blanket

86
Q

What is one of the biggest risks assosiated with neonates?

A

Hypothermia is one of the biggest risks

87
Q

T/F

You should never put a marker on the sliding, under the table IR when imaging neonates.

A

True

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