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Rad Pro 3 > Lecture 5-Spine > Flashcards

Lecture 5-Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What spaces/joint spaces should be open in a Lateral C-Spine?

A

-Open zygapophyseal joints
-Open intervertebral disk spaces

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2
Q

What radiographic sign ensures that the Zygopophyseal joints are open?

A

Superimposed articular pillars

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3
Q

What positioning technique ensures that C7/T1 is visualized in a lateral C spine?

A

Suspended deep exipiration (pulls the shoulders down)

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4
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the lateral C spine?

A

Rotation and tilt

Will not ask us which way we are tilted or rotated just tell that there is rotation and tilt present

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5
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the lateral C spine?

A

Tilt present

Congenital fusion of C6/7

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6
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the lateral C spine? What correction would have to be made?

A

-Cutting off C7
-Rotation and tilt present
-Would need a swimmers view

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7
Q

T/F

The intervertebral foramina should be closed in an Oblique C-Spine

A

False; The intervertebral foramina should be ope in an Oblique C-Spine

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8
Q

What projection is this?

A

Oblique C-Spine
RPO

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9
Q

Where should the opposite pedicles be in an oblique C spine?

A

Opposite pedicles are near the anterior vertebral body

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10
Q

What joint spaces should be open in an oblique C spine?

A
  1. Zygapophyseal joints
  2. Open intervertebral disc spaces
  3. intervertebral foramina (2nd – 7th)
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11
Q

What does an RPO oblique C spine demonstrate?

A

Demonstrates the left IV foramina and pedicle

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12
Q

What does an LPO oblique C spine demonstrate?

A

LPO demonstrates the right IV foramina and pedicles

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13
Q

In an AP oblique C spine, what things should be “up?”

A

face up, angle up, demonstrated side up, marker face up

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14
Q

What projection is this?

A

RPO oblique C spine

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15
Q

What errors have been made in this image?

A

Too much/steep of an oblique, angle good

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16
Q

As you get closer to a lateral from an oblique, which way do the opposite pedicles move?

A

The opposite pedicles move more posterior

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17
Q

What is this projection and what is this demonstrating? What errors have been made in this image?

A

-LPO Oblique C spine demonstrating the right z joints
-Patient under rotated

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18
Q

If the patient is under rotated in an oblique C spine, where will the opposite pedicles appear?

A

Will see the pedicles anterior

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19
Q

If the patient is under rotated in an oblique C spine, what two radiographic signs will appear?

A

-Opposite pedicles too anterior
-Perched appearance

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20
Q

If the joint space is closed in an oblique C spine, what angle was likely used?

A

Likely no angle was used at all

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21
Q

What projection is this? What errors have been made?

A

LPO C spine oblique
-Head not turned to lateral position

-Good oblique

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22
Q

What projection is this? What errors have been made?

A

LPO
-Under rotated, looks perched
-Mandible not turned to a true lateral

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23
Q

What is the posture for an oblique C spine?

A

Rotate body and head 45º - RPO and LPO
Slightly extend chin-
Ok to turn head toward IR if there is no trauma

Bi lateral views

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24
Q

What angle is used for an oblique C spine?

A

15º-20º cephalad

Assess the CR angle required from the lateral image

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25
Q

What is the centering point for a C-spine Oblique? What should the collimation include?

A

Centering point: C4 –Upper part of thyroid cartilage
Collimation: C1-7

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26
Q

What projection is shown here? What errors have been made?

A

RPO C spine oblique
-Slight mandible over top
-Nearly perfect image

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27
Q

What projection is shown here? What errors have been made?

A

LPO C spine oblique
No angle was used

-Obliquity good

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28
Q

What projection is this?

A

AP Axial C-Spine

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29
Q

What joint spaces need to be open in an AP Axial C-Spine?

A

Open intervertebral joint spaces

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30
Q

What is the posture for an AP Axial C spine?

A

Extend chin - Occlusal plane is  to IR
OR- line from tip of mandible to base of skull should be parallel to angled CR

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31
Q

What angle is used for an AP axial C spine?

A

15º - supine or pt. with less Lordotic curvature
20º- erect or pt. with more Lordotic curvature

(acess from lateral)

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32
Q

What is the centering point for an AP axial C spine?

A

C5 - Thyroid cartilage

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33
Q

What should the collimation include for an AP axial C spine?

A

C3-7
But collimate to include C1-C7 even though it won’t be seen

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34
Q

How do you obtain the Cobbs angle?

A

Draw line on top of C4 or C5

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35
Q

What projection is this? What errors were made?

A

AP Axial C-Spine

-Chin not lifted enough/extending your neck

-Good angle used

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36
Q

What projection is this? What errors were made?

A

-AP axial C spine
-Lifted the chin way too much, need to bring the chin down
-Slight LPO

joint space is open :)

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37
Q

What projection is this? What errors ahave been made?

A

AP axial C spine
-Slight RPO
-No angle used (joint space closed)
-Chin not extended enough

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38
Q

How would you correct this image?

A

-Use an angle
-Lift up the chin

39
Q

In an AP Axial C spine, how do we acess for open joint spaces?

A

Look at C4 and C5 joint spaces

40
Q

How do you position for an open mouth odontoid?

A

Upper incisors/occlusal plane (bottom of the top teeth) aligned with base of skull

41
Q

How can you tell that the open mouth odontoid is not rotated?

A

Equal distance between dens and lateral masses

42
Q

Why must we see the lateral edges of C1 and C2 in an open mouth odontoid?

A

To acess for a Jefferson’s fracture

43
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the open mouth odontoid? How can this be corrected?

A

-Neck extended too much and RPO
-Tuck the chin down (flex the C spine) and rotate the nose to the left to correct the RPO

44
Q

What projection is this? How would you correct the errors in this image?

A

Open mouth odontoid
-Need to raise the chin
-Rotate the nose to the left-ramus to look at

45
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image of the open mouth odontoid?

A

Need to raise the chin/extend the neck
-Rotate the nose to the left

46
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image of the open mouth odontoid?

A

-Need to flex the neck/lower the chin
-Rotate the nose to the left

47
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image of the open mouth odontoid?

A

-Rotate the nose to the right
-Lower the chin/flex the neck

48
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image of the open mouth odontoid?

A

None-perfect image

49
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image of the open mouth odontoid?

A

Lower the chin/flex the neck
Rotate the nose to the left

50
Q

What corrections need to be made to this image?

A

FUCHS needed

(image of what the patient looks like)-differnt type of anatomy

51
Q

What method is shown here?

A

FUCHS method

52
Q

What projection is this?

A

AP Wagging jaw method

53
Q

What joint spaces should be open in an AP Lumbar Spine?

A

Open intervertebral disc spaces

54
Q

What should the collimation for the AP lumbar spine include?

A

T10/11 to the ASIS/SI joints

55
Q

In a supine AP lumbar spine, what positioning technique helps to open up the joint space?

A

Bend the knees to flatten the back to get the disk space open

56
Q

What is better for getting through the lumbar spine; AP or PA positioning?

A

PA positioning

(even though OID present)

57
Q

T/F

If the spinous process is closer to the pedicles on the left-hand side, they are in an LPO

A

False; RPO

58
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the AP lumbar spine?

A

Joint spaces not open in this image

59
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the AP lumbar spine?

A

Slight RPO
Marker at the bottom-need to be at the top

60
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the AP lumbar spine?

A

LPO

spinous process are closer to the right pedicles

61
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the AP lumbar spine?

A

-LPO Looking
-Closed joint space (did not flex the knees well)

62
Q

What error has been made in this image of the AP lumbar spine? What side would be imaged for the lateral?

A

-Collimation too long
-Would do a right lateral

63
Q

Why does image B look better

A

Breathing technique was used

64
Q

What is the purpose of the Lateral Lumbar Spine position?

A

To see the disc spaces and intervertebral foramina

(L and T spine laterals show this)

65
Q

T/F

Always direct the CR into the convex side if a curve is present

A

False; Always direct the CR into the concave side if a curve is present

66
Q

How should the pedicles appear in a lateral L spine?

A

Superimposed pedicles

67
Q

What is the angle for the lateral lumbar spine?

A

May require a 5º for men or 8º caudad angle for female patients with wider pelvis
MEASURE TO THE PATIENT’S SPINE

68
Q

What errors have been made in this image of the lateral lumbar spine? What structure is circled?

A

-None;perfect image
-Pedicles are circled

69
Q

Where should the marker be placed in a lateral lumbar spine?

A

Marker superiorly

70
Q

What error has been made in this image lateral lumbar spine?

A

Film image-cannot see the spinous processes

71
Q

If double lines of the structures are visible anterior to posterior in a lateral lumbar spine; what positioning error does this indicate?

A

Patient rotated

72
Q

If double lines at the top and the bottom of vertebra in a lateral lumbar spine; what positioning error does this indicate?

A

Did not angle the CR perpendicular to the spine

73
Q

How could this image of the lateral lumbar spine be corrected?

A

-Rotate the right side posteriorly and increase the caudad angle that was used

74
Q

What is the best view to look for compression fractures in the lumbar spine?

A

The lateral lumbar spine

75
Q

Why does the spine look fused in the second image?

A

Should have done a right lateral

76
Q

What joint spaces should be open in an Oblique Lumbar Spine?

A

Open intervertebral disc spaces
Open zygapophyseal joints

77
Q

Where should the z-joints be in an Oblique Lumbar Spine?

A

Zygapophyseal joints in the middle of the vertebral body

78
Q

Where should the pedicles be seen in an oblique lumbar spine?

A

Pedicles are seen halfway between the midpoint of the vertebral bodies and the anterior border of the vertebral bodies

79
Q

What positioning error has been made in the oblique lumbar spine if the pedicles are midline?

A

Patient is over rotated

80
Q

What oblique is this? Why?

A

45 degree RPO (why not LAO?=because we did not get through the joint space, indicating this is taken AP)

81
Q

What error has been made in this image of the oblique lumbar spine?

A

-Over rotated

82
Q

If the z joints are anterior to the midline, what positioning error has been made?

A

Patient Under rotated

83
Q

What error has been made in this image of the oblique lumbar spine?

A

Under rotated

84
Q

What projection is this? What errors have been made in this oblique lumbar spine?

A

-LPO
-Over rotated

85
Q

What oblique is this? What errors have been made?

A

RPO-Good at top, under rotated at the bottom

86
Q

What oblique is this? What errors have been made?

A

LPO-Over rotated

87
Q

What oblique is this? What errors have been made?

A

RPO
Slightly over rotated

88
Q

What is demonstrated in an RPO position of the lumbar spine?

A

The right Z joints and the right pars inter articularis

89
Q

What is demonstrated in an LAO position of the lumbar spine?

A

The right pars interarticularis and the right z joints

90
Q

What is demonstrated in an RAO position of the lumbar spine?

A

The left pars interarticularis and the left z joints

91
Q

What oblique is this? What errors have been made?

A

LAO
-Under rotated at the very bottom

92
Q

What oblique is this? What error has been made?

A

LPO
Over rotated (pedicles midline)

93
Q

T/F

Pelvis needs more rotation that the upper part in an oblique lumbar spine

A

True

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