Lecture 8: Infection Control and Prevention Flashcards
Curbing the spread and infection of infectious diseases
Role of infection control
Prevent spread of infectious agents
Nosocomial Infection
Acquired due to exposure from a healthcare facility
What is more deadly- breast cancer or nosocomial infections?
Nosocomial infections
Transmission occurs when the ____ in the _____ exits the reservoir through a ________, travels via a _____ _____ ______ and gains entry through a _____ of _____ to a susceptible _______
Agent, recevoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, host
What are some infectious agents?
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, prions
What are some reservoirs of transmission?
Surrounding people, water, food, animals
What makes one a more susceptible host?
-Age
-immunosuppression
-Diabtes
-Burns
-surgery
-Lines
-lack of immunization s
-immunodefeciency
-wounds
-Exposure to HAI
Portal of Exit
BOdy fluids, skin, faeces, mucous membranes
Portal of Entry
Mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GI tract, broken skin : get onto patients from our hands, equipment and poor cleaning
What are some modes of transmission?
Contact, respiratory, parenteral, fomites
What is a direct route of transmission?
Patient to patient
Patient to themselves
Indirect transmission
Patient to HCW to patient 2
-Patient to environment to HCW to patient
-Contaminated equipment
What is an example of indirect contact?
-Gloves used for more than one task
-Poor hand hygiene
-Equipment used on more than one patient
-Patient equipment not being cleaned appropriately
What can lead to HAI’s?
Transmission of organisms on HCW hands
Airborne transmission
small droplets less than 5mm, TB
Droplets
bigger than 5mm, SARS, MERS, ARI
What can reduce the risk of needle stick injuries?
Safety needles
Name a less common route of transmission?
Food borne, meds, rare in acute care but vector borne are rare as in flies which are not seen in Canada
How should you treat all patients?
As if they have a blood borne pathogen or if they carry infectious and drug resistant organisms
When should you use routine practise?
Always
How many moments for hand hygiene are there?
4
Name the 4 moments of hand hygiene
Before contact, before aseptic procedure, after bodily fluid exposure risk, after patient contact
ARI protection
Pt has cough and fever, we do this: mask, eye protection, gown, and gloves as minimum
Name conditions where pt goes on contact precautions (gloves, gown)
MRSA
CDI
VRE
FEcal incontinence or gross soiling
Uncontained wound drainage
What are the two types of respiratory precautions?
Airborne or droplet. you are also wearing a mask with contact precaution equipment.
What could put a patient on airborne precautions?
TB, measles, chicken pox/ N95. Negative pressure room. Door stays closed
Droplet precautions
surgical mask AND eyeball protection/ Door can be open but use magic curtain. Coughing and febrile patients. meningitis, influenza, pertussis
