Lecture 8 - Gram Negative bacteria 1 Flashcards
What are the classes of gram negative bacteriaceae?
Enterobacteriaceae
Nonfermentative gram negative rods
Oxidase positive fermenters
Miscellaneous, fastidious gram negative rods
Campylobacter and helicobacter
Legionella
Haemophilus
Gram negative coccobacilli
What are the morphologies that can be found in gram negative bacteria?
Bacilli (enterobacteriaceae)
Cocci, diplococci
Coccobacilli
Fusiform (typically anaerobes)
How are enterobaceae arranged?
In tribes
Are enterobacteriaceae pathogenic?
Many are commensals but some are not.
Some are very common pathogens others are pathogenic in certain clinical settings
What are the 3 biochemical characteristics shared by all enterobacteriaceae?
They utilize glucose fermentatively
They are negative in oxidase test
They reduce nitrate to nitrite
Where is escherichia normally found?
In the human bowel as a commensal
What diseases can E.coli do?
They are uropathogenic and are the most common cause of UTIs
Some strains are enteropathogenic causing diarrhoea
What are the strains of diarrhoea causing E.coli strains called?
Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative (EaggEC)
Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)
What does shigella do?
Causes bacterial dysentery a severe form of diarrhoea in which stool contains blood and pus
What are the species of shigella?
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella boydii
Shigella sonnei
What are the species of salmonella?
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella bongori
How are salmonella differentiated?
> 2500 serotypes within species.
They are differentiated based on antigenic differences in cell envelope structures “O” and “H”
Where are the H antigenic differences located?
On the flagella
Where are the O antigenic differences located?
on the LPS
Why is salmonella that causes typhoid fever called salmonella typhi?
It is the serotype name that often is used instead of species name.
What is the actual name of salmonella typhi?
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi
What do the non-typhoidal serotypes do in humans?
Commensals of various animal species
Self-limiting diarrhoea
How long does salmonella fever take?
its a long term illness often taking close to a month.
What are the diseases caused by salmonella called?
typhoid and paratyphoid fever
What does salmonella do?
abdominal symptoms
diarrhoea
bacteria in blood
Can cause rupture in the bowel
May or may not be found in species
Found in blood
What are the important citrobacter species?
Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter diversus
What are the diseases caused y citrobacter species?
UTIs
Infections such as pneumonia and neonatal meningitis
What are the klebsiella species?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella ozaenae
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Klebsiella granulomatis
What does klebsiella pneumoniae do to people?
Necrotising pneumonia that is severe
Rapid in onset
creates sputum known as currant jelly
Who does klebsiella pneumoniae typically affect?
Causes disease in people who are debilitated, homeless, and alcoholic
What kind of pneumonia does klebsiella cause?
Lobar pneumonia
What are the types of infections caused by klebsiella oxytoca, ozaenae and pneumoniae?
Nosocomial infections such as UTIs Respiratory tract infections and surgical wound infections
What is a huge issue with klebsiella strains?
They are resistant to multiple antibiotics.
What disease does klebsiella granulomatis cause?
Sexually transmitted infection of the tropics
What is the sexually transmitted disease of the tropics called?
Donovanosis or granuloma inguinale
What are the types of donovanosis?
Starts as an ulcer on the genitals then becomes chronically disfiguring
A patient comes to you with an ulcer on his genitals and tells you he was in a tropical region. What is the reason for his symptoms and what is the condition called?
Klebsiella granulomatis and the disease is called donovanosis
What are the enterobacter species?
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter cloacae
What are members of the genus serratia?
Serratia marcescens
Serratia liquefaciens
What are the members of the genus morganella?
Morganella morganii
What are the members of the genus providencia?
Providencia stuartii
Providencia rettgeri
What are members of the genus Proteus ?
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus vulgaris
What disease are proteus mirabilis linked to?
Most common cause of UTIs after E.coli