lecture 8: gait

Question 1

define concentric contraction

Answer 1

contracting a muscle and shortening the fibers (ex: curling up in a bicep)

Question 2

define eccentric contraction

Answer 2

contracting muscles and lengthening the muscle (ex: lowering down in a bicep curl)

Question 3

define isometric contraction

Answer 3

contracting a muscle but dont change the length

Question 4

define gait cycle

Answer 4

movement begining and ending with ground contract of the same foot (eg: right heel strike to right heel strike)

Question 5

what percentage of gait is stanced

Answer 5

60%

Question 6

what percentage of gait in swing

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

define a step in the gait cycle

Answer 7

movement of a limb (ex: right) from ground contract of one (ex: left) to ground contact of opposite limb (ex: right)

Question 8

define a stride in gait cycle

Answer 8

movement of both limbs during 1 gait cycle (2 steps)

Question 9

a stride is equalto what

Answer 9

1 gait cycle

Question 10

what are the 2 ways to walk faster

Answer 10

1) increase cadence (steps/min)
2) increase step length

Question 11

double support takes up what percentage of the walk

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

what is the difference between waljing and running cycle

Answer 12

walking: double limb support ( 2 feet on ground at the same time(
running: you have a flight phase (no feed on the ground)

Question 13

what are the sub-phases/events of the stance phase of gait (main names)

Answer 13

initial cotnact
loading response
mistance
terminal stance
preswing

Question 14

define initial contact

Answer 14

instant the foot contacts the ground

Question 15

define loading response

Answer 15

time period from immediately following initial contact to the lift of the contralateral extremity from the ground, during which weight shift occurs

Question 16

define midstance

Answer 16

time interval from lift of the contralateral extremity from the ground to the point where the ankles of both extremities are alligned in the frontal (or coronal) plane

Question 17

define terminal stance

Answer 17

period from ankle alignment in the frontal plane to just prior to intial contac of the contralateral (swinging) extremity

Question 18

define preswing

Answer 18

time interval from initial contact of he contralateral extremity to just prior to lift of the ipsilateral extremity from the ground (unloading weight)

Question 19

what are the names of the subsphases of the swing phase

Answer 19

intial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

Question 20

define intial swing

Answer 20

lift of the extremity from the ground to position of maximum knee flexion

Question 21

define mid swing

Answer 21

immediately following knee flexion to vertical tibia position

Question 22

define terminal swing

Answer 22

following vertical tibia position to just prior to intial contact

Question 23

what is the goal of the gait phase

Answer 23

progress forwarf

Question 24

what is the goal of stance phase

Answer 24

provide shock
absorb shock
provide forward and backward force for progression

Question 25

what is the goal of swing phase

Answer 25

limb clearance
limb placement
transfer momentum

Question 26

COM dispalcements of the body move where

Answer 26

lateral displacement in horizontal plane
vertical dispalcement
combined