Lecture 8: Feline Viruses 1 Flashcards
How would you describe the efficacy of feline herpesvirus type 1 vaccine
- Respiratory vaccines are moderately effective but not great
What type of disease does feline herpesvirus type 1 cause
- Causes feline rhinotracheitis and latency that can be reactivated
Describe the features of the feline herpesvirus type 1
- Order: Herpesvirales, Family: Herpesviridae, Subfamily: alphaherpesvirinae, Genus Varicellovirus
- dsDNA virus
Describe the infection process of feline herpesvirus type 1
Infection
* susceptible/non-immune cat: becomes infected = acute infection + high viral shedding in saliva/nasal discharge
* Cat recovers: enters latency in trigeminal ganglion + no shedding
* Under stress/glucocorticoid treatment = reactivated + viral shedding in nearest mucosal area (lips/nose)
What are the clinical signs on feline herpesvirus type 1
Clinically
* Acute disease (main): rhinitis/conjunctivitis/corneal ulcers/pyrexia
* Atypical disease: dermatitis/viremia/pneumonia
* Chronic: stromal keratitis/chronic rhinosinusitis
* Kittens affected lifelong: susceptible to recurrent bacterial infection = recurrent rhinitis + green discharge may prompt euthanasia
What are the viral features of feline calcivirus
- Family: calciviridae, Genus: vesivirus
- (+)ssRNA, small = higher mutation rate (makes vaccination difficult)
Describe the shedding pattern of feline calcivirus
- Susceptible animal: acute infection and high viral shedding
o Recover without disease or shedding
o Recover but persistent shedding
o Recover with intermittent shedding - Shed: cats with acute disease via oral/nasal discharge + continue shedding 30d post infection (some for years or lifelong)
How does the type of virus that feline calcivirus is, affect infections
- Can re-infect already immune animal because RNA virus and new strains occur frequently
What arre the clinical signs of feline calcivirus
- Main: Acute oral/upper resp disease
- Feline chronic gingivostomatitis
- Limping
- Paw and mouth disease
- Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection
What are the features of acute/upper resp disease of feline calcivirus
o Co-infection with feline herpes virus type 1, chlamydia felis, or mycoplasma felis
o Oral ulcers/sneeze/serous nasal discharge/fever/anorexia/hypersalivation
o Resolve in a few days – more severe in young
o Symptomatic treatment
What are the features of feline chronic gingivostomatitis of feline calcivirus
o Inflammation – caudal stomatitis or mucositis (gums/around tonsil)
o Caudal stomatitis must be identified to diagnose feline chronic ginigivostomatitis
What are the features of limping syndrome of feline calcivirus
o Due to acute viremia – immune complexes
o Can be associated with the feline calicivirus vaccine (live attenuated)
o Transient and shifts between limbs
What are the features of paw and mouth dz of feline calcivirus
rare
What are the features of Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection of feline calcivirus
- Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection – high mortality (70%)
o Facial edema/vasculitis
o Hair loss
o Not caused by vaccination, cannot be prevented by vaccine – not caused by thee same calicivirus that causes the respiratory problems
o Not in Canada yet
What are the viral features of feline panleukopenia virus
- Parvovirus – ssDNA, non enveloped = very stable in environment
o Can change more than the dsDNA – must update vaccines more frequently
Describe the pathogenesis of feline panleukopenia virus in cats/kittens
- Replicate in lymphoid tissue: thymus/spleen/bone marrow/embryonic tissue (+/- brain if kitten is young and developing)
o Then migrates to enterocytes/rapidly dividing cells
o Takes time
o Intrauterine infection: feline panleukopenia virus antigen in cerebellum of kitten for weeks = ataxia
Describe the type of infection feline panleukopenia creates
hit and run virus infection
* Persistent infection and viral shedding = rare
What features of feline panleukopenia virus influence the biosecurity measures you need to take
very stable in environment (if you don’t properly disinfect with bleach = virus can persist for 6 months)
What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopenia virus infection
Clinically
* Older: GI issues/hemorrhagic enteritis/diarrhea
* Young: neurologic (cerebellum) problems + death
* Cerebellar hypoplasia of kitten
* Severe dehydration
How to prevent feline panleukopenia virus
Prevent: vaccines are very protective
Can panleukopenia transmit to other animals
- Different strains of parvovirus can infect dogs only, cats only, and some can infect cats and dogs
What are the most important strains of influenza
- H5N1 and H7N1 are the most important strains
How can cats get influenza? How does it affect them
- H5N1 can spread from domestic birds to cats
o Can become infected after ingestion of contaminated carcasses/milk - Very high mortality in cats
How is cowpox virus transmitted
- From rodents
Where is cowpox located? and what kind of catss is it associated with?
- Zoonotic – wear gloves!!
- Associated with outdoor cats
What is a relevant concern regarding cowpox?
- Zoonotic – wear gloves!! – can result in necrotizing ulcers in people
Clinical signs of cowpox in cats
- Causes skin lesions and infiltration of organs
What is the genus of sars-cov2, what other virus is included
- Genus: Betacoronavirus (contain SARS/MERS)
o Severe acute respiratory syndrome
o Middle east respiratory syndrome
What species is Sars-Cov2 transmitted to in cats
- Transmission between cats, or human to cats (not cats to humans)
