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IMMUNOLOGY VDMP817 > lecture 8 exam 2 > Flashcards

lecture 8 exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

SubQ or intramuscular immunization routes

A

antigen drains to nearest LN and stimulates SYSTEMIC immunity NOT mucosal immunity

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2
Q

peripheral immune system & draining lymph nodes

A 
facial
retropharyngeal
submandibular
superficial cervical
axillary
iliac
superficial inguinal
femoral
popliteal
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3
Q

innate protection mechanisms on body surfaces

A

vomiting/saliva
turbulence/sneezing
tears/blinking
mucus/cilia/coughin
dessication/desqamation/fatty acids/normal flora
acid pH/vomiting
normal flora/anaerobiasis/lysozyme/defensins/proteases/diarrhea

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4
Q

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)

A

MALT cellular mass: excess total lymphoid cells in bone marrow, thymus, spleen and LN

ex: NALT, GALT, BALT

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5
Q

NALT

A

type of MALT

nasal associated lymphoid tissue - tonsils

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6
Q

GALT

A

type of MALT

gut associated lymphoid tissue - peyers patches

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7
Q

BALT

A

type of MALT

bronchus associated lympoid tissue

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8
Q

epithelial barrier

A

mucosal epithelium in lumen
peyeres patches dense with lymphocytes in ileum
lamina propria has lymphocytes, lymphatic systems

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9
Q

intestinal lumen

A

commensal bacteria

IgA from antibody (blood borne)

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10
Q

mucosal epithelium

A 
mucus
goblet cell
M cell
intestinal epithelial cell
dendritic cell
crypt
intraepithelial lymphocytes
vilus
paneth cells
defensins
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11
Q

lamina propria

A 
plasma cell - IgA
peyers patch
follicle
macrophage
mast cell
T cell
B cell
LYMPH DRAINAGE VIA AFFERENT LYMPHATIC
dendritic cell
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12
Q

mesentary

A

mesenteric LN

  • homing of lymphocytes to intestinal mucosa
  • priming of antigen specific responses taking place here
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13
Q

properties of MALT

A

large lymphoid areas
-continuously exposed to microorganisms and food antigens
-mucous membranes largest organ
partially separate from the peripheral immune system
epithelial barrier (innate immunity)
produces T cell and B cell effectors and memory cells:
-generated in one location then circulate to distant sites
provides tolerance to food antigens

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14
Q

epithelial barrier immune functions

A

epithelial tight junctions

mucus: mucins, lipids & bicarbonate fluid
- secreted by goblet cells
- neutral pH at epithelial layer
- adhere to luminal surface of epithelium: allow nutrients but not macromolecules to pass
defensins: antimicrobial peptides secreted by paneth cells
- disrupt bacterial membranes

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15
Q

epithelial cells produce cytokines and chemokines

A 
IL10/TGFB - immunosuppressive (inflammation)
TNFalpha - Th1 differnetiation
CXCL1 - neutrophils
CCL2 - eosinophils
CXCL10 - lymphocytes recruitment
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16
Q

compartments of MALT

A

inductive sites

effector sites distant from inductive sites

17
Q

inductive sites of MALT

A 
antigen is process and T and B cells are activated
antibody class switching occurs
18
Q

effector sites of MALT

A

sites where antibody and cell mediated responses are generated against pathogens:
antibody is released by plasma cells
CTLs kill virus infected cells

19
Q

inductive site examples

A 
tonsils - most mammals except rodents
pharynx, NALT
BALT
appendix
peyers patches (discrete in jejunum)
mesenteric LN
20
Q

anigen transport across mucosal epithelium

A

M cells - take bacteria into epithelium and give to DC, located w/in epithelial cells
intestinal mucosa DCs - read or let in antigen to find DC, CDs CXs TGFb to t cell or treg

21
Q

discrete peyers patches in jejunum

A 
dome region: CD4 T cells, DCs, macrophages
germinal center: B cells (class switching)
parafollicular region: CD4, CD8, DCs and macrophages

antigen transfer by M cells into lymphoid follicle

22
Q

model for T cell differentiation in inductive sites

A

M cell brings antigens in and presents to DC resulting in a. IL10/TGFB expression response to low dose antigen (food)

b. IL4 expression response to extracellular pathogen parasites
c. IL12 expression response to intracellular pathogen
d. IL23 expression response to endogenous flora

23
Q

IL10/TGFbeta response to low does antigen “food” results in

A

Treg w default IL10 and TGFbeta

24
Q

IL4 response to extracellular pathogen parasites results in

A

Th2 w default IL4, 5, 10

25
Q

IL12 response to intracellular pathogen results in

A

Th1 w default IFNgamma

26
Q

IL23 response to endogenous flora results in

A

Th17 w default IL17, 6

27
Q

intestinal villi components

A 
intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) - gamma delta T cells, CD8+ alpha beta T cells
lamina propria + lymphocytes - CD4 tcells activating B cells
crypt epithelium paneth cells - lysozyme and defensins
28
Q

homing properties of intestinal lymphocytes

A

Mcell call in antigen and HEV brings in DC/naive T cell, and B cell to interact and go through mesenteric LN to lymph to heart to blood to chemokines direct homing of effector lymphocytes (CD4, CTLs, and B cells)

29
Q

secretory IgA is the

A

main mucosal immunoglobulin in most animal species

except: cattle - igG is most important mucosal

30
Q

T dependent IgA class switching in gut - antigen

A

done by plasma cell through interactions of antigen w DC and B cell
DC to naive CD4+ tcell then activated Thelp w B cell receiving NO and TGFb from DC to become plasma cell and leave the peyers patch into lamina propria

31
Q

T independent IgA class switching in gut - bacteria/PAMP

A

DC TLR interacts w bacteria and APRIL, TGFB, BAFF released to IgM+ b cell to travel as plasma cell to lamina propria and release IgA

32
Q

APRIL

A

A proliferation inducing ligand

released by DC in response to bacteria/PAMP

33
Q

BAFF

A

bcell activating factor of the TNF family

released by DC in response to bacteria/PAMP

34
Q

transport of IgA across epithelial cells

A

Jchain is released and hold dimeric IgA in lamina propria
attaches to polyIg receptor - bound IgA and enter mucosal epithelial cell
endocytosed complex of IgA and polyIg receptor and proteolytic cleavage occurs on apical side to secrete IgA

35
Q

immune elimination of intestinal round worms

A 
when worm gets to tissue eosinophils (IL5, IL13 signal) attack and B cell reads antigens and bind to Th2 in submucosa, releasing IL4
IL4 activates class switching from IgM to IgE in plasma cell
IgE on mast cell releases histamine which leads to vascular permeability leading to smooth muscle contraction which brings more fluid into the lumen
IgG + C =MAC and attacks on luminal side causing expulsion
36
Q

ADCC of parasites by eosinophils

A

helminths are vulnerable to :
ADCCA involving eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages

eosinophil degranulation releases:
major basic protein (MBP)
eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
eosinophil peroxidase (EP)
eosinophil neurotoxin (EN)
phospholipase D
lysophospholipase
all these are toxic to helminths

IgE is antibody for eosinophils and helminths

37
Q

treg functions at mucosal surfaces

A

inhibit th2, th1, th17 to regulate immune system

IMMUNOLOGY VDMP817 (22 decks)

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