lecture 8 - cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What do cells need energy from cellular respiration for? (4)

A

Mechanical work, making new materials, transport, maintain order
MMTO
My Mom too Obese

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2
Q

Structure of ATP

A
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3
Q

Draw Summary digram for Respiration

A
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4
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

In the cytoplasm and mitochondria of Plant and Animal cells.

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5
Q

What is the overall equation for the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?

A

glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + energy

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6
Q

What is the typical size of a mitochondrion?

A

1-10µm

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7
Q

How many mitochondria are in each cell? What is this dependent on?

A

1-1000. The energy demand of the cell.

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8
Q

What are the features of mitochondria structure?

A

Mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, outer membrane, inner membrane (with folds - cristae), mitochondrial matrix

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9
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation and the Citric Acid cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.

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10
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm/cytosol of the cell.

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11
Q

What is the process of glycolysis? Give. a summary of main products.

A

Glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating 2 ATP, and high energy electrons which are transferred to the high energy electron carrier NAD+, making it into NADH. (2NADH are formed)

Summary
Glycolysis (2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH)

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12
Q

What is glucose converted to in glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate

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13
Q

How many carbons do pyruvate molecules have?

A

3

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14
Q

What is pyruvate converted into in the second stage of cellular respiration? What is the process called?

A

Acetyl CoA, Pyruvate Oxidation

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15
Q

What process forms 2 Acetyl CoA?

A

Pyruvate oxidation

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16
Q

What substance goes into the Citric Acid cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA

17
Q

Give a summary of the products of
1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
3. Citric Acid Cycle

A
  1. (2Pyruvate, 2NADH, 2ATP)
  2. (2NADH, CO2)
  3. (6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP)
18
Q

What are the high energy electron carriers released from the citric acid cycle?

A

NADH and FADH2

19
Q

What are the two parts of Stage 3 of cellular respiration?

A

Electrons transport chain & , Chemiosmosis

20
Q

How are high energy electrons moved to the inner mitochondrial membrane in Phase 3 of cellular respiration?

A

Via electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) that move through protein complexes (I to IV)

21
Q

What causes protons to flow through the semi-permeable membrane in Stage 3 of cellular respiration?

A

The flow of electrons/electron carriers through protein complexes (i to iv) causes H+ to be pumped by proteins against its concentration gradient into the intermembrane space.

22
Q

Why is there a gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

H+ accumulate on the inter membrane space, creating a proton gradient.

23
Q

What is the second phase of stage 3 of cellular respiration?

A

Chemiosmosis

24
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The inter mitochondrial membrane contains ATP synthase which synthesises ATP, by converting ADP.

25
Q

What is the equation for the production of ATP in chemiosmosis?

A

ADP + Pi -> ATP

26
Q

Why is ATP used to provide the cell with energy?

A

It provides a controlled release of energy, which can be harnessed in a useful way.

27
Q

How is water produced in cellular respiration?

A

At the end of the electron transport chain of protein complexes, hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form 6H2O

28
Q

What is the relative pH of the inner mitochondrial space?

A

Low