Lecture 8 B monocytes and Lymphocytes Flashcards
Monocytes belong to the group of cells known as mononuclear cells because
they have a single nucleus
Monocytes do contain many—–but they’re not known as granulocytes
specific granules in their cytoplasm
the largest cell in the PB is the–with a d rangding from —
monocyte/ 12-20
usually, the monocyte’s shape is—but when it’s fixed it appears round due to the effect of the alcohol
irrgular/ appears round
The monocyte’s nucelus is — and —
quite large and slides to one side of the cell
the shape of the nucelus of the monocyte is —
unimportant because it can assume many shapes (round, oval, kideny shape, slight lobulation), folded in itself having the appearnace of an embryo or showing brain like convolutions
what’s more imp than the nucelus shape is the —-
chromatin structure because unlike all the WBCs the mocoyte has very delicate chromatin (lacy, dentel like)
do we see any nucleoli in a monocyte?
no
what aboutthe cytoplasm of the monocyte
abundant, blue-gray, thick and opaque, rich in very fine specific pinkish granules with or without occasional vacuoles.
what do the vacuoles of the manocyte contain? – thus one of yhe functiosn of the monocytes is —
enzymes the most imp of which is myeloperoxidase/ phagocytosis
Whereas the neutrophil is a
microphage, the monocyte is considered to be a macrophage because
because it can phagocytize large substnaces like parasites, cells, so they play a hge part in defeinding the body.
the monodcyte is usually found in the —. once it matures, it leaves there and passes to the —
BM from the same stem cell that gives rise to the erythroid and granulocytic series / circulation (it’s not known how long exactly it stays there) but it usually spends around 12 hours in the periperal blood and then leaves to such tissues as the spleen and and the LNs
the lymphocyte is a very—-
variable cell in the body
when it come sto lymphocytes, in addition to differing in size, they can also differ when it comes to —-
the amount of cytoplasm/ the large rthe cell, the greater the amount of cytoplasm.
after circulation, once the monocyte enters these tissues, it becomes known as a —/ also the monocyte can —
tissue macrophage therefore it can eat big molecules such as whole cells/ can divide in the tissues (unlike other blood cells? and remain alove in the tissues for several months
lymphocytes in the peripheral blood—
occur in varying sizes
for purposes of descriptioon, lymphocytes are divided into 3 categories,
small, medium and large with a variation of 8 to 16 mico m in diameters
in a small lymphocyte, we may see —-/ the chromatin pattern is —. what about the nuceloeoli?
more than one indenttaion and the cell may even have a rosette shape / quite dense and clumped that is to say we dont see chromtain detail, and the nucelus appears as one mass. No nuceloeli are seen in this cell. BUT it does contain a nucleolus. it simply cannt be seen by the ordinary microscope.
the lymphocyte cell of the adult is the —
small lymphocyte
the most common lymhocyte is the —-. its d ranges from –
small one / 8-10 micro m (almost the d of an RBC.
the cytoplasm in a small lymphocyte forms….. around the nucelus
a thin rim/ but smetimes it’s so scanty that it cannot be seen at all.
the nucleus of a small lymphocyte is —. it is — in shape and may even be–.
quite large compared to the size of the cell and it almost fills teh whole cell (high nuc/cytoplasm ratio)l round or oval in shape and may even be slightly indented
unlike that of the monocyte, the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte is completely ——and has a —-discolaration
transparent/ dark blue
what about the granules in lymphocytes?
there may be one or 2 azurophilic nonspecific in indented area but they are unimportant becasue they may o rmay not be present so theyir absence or prsecnce is equal.
in children, we find—-
larger lymphocytes that we call intermediate and large lymphocytes
the d of the intermediate lymphocyte is 10–12 micro meters. more cytoplasm than small and i s pale to moderatley blue in color, may contain a few non specific granules. continue iwth the caharcteristics
The nucleus is round or oval
in shape and may be slightly indented. The chromatin pattern here is clumped but
not as dense looking as in the small lymphocyte. Here too, no nucleoli are visible
in the nucleu
large lymphocyte diameter is from —. cytoplasm is —kafe
12-16 micrometer/ abunsdant nad very pale blue in color. Here too, the cytoplasm may or may not contain a
few non specific azurophilic granules. The nucleus is round or oval in shape and
may be slightly indented. The chromatin pattern is coarse but to a lesser degree
than that of the small lymphocyte. Thus, one nucleolus may be seen in this cell.
function of the lymphocytes:
they’re very vital to the immune system/they function on the production of circulating Abs and in the expression of cellular immunity
using seopcial staining procedures, lymphocytes are negative for —- but they’re positive for —
peroxidase, chloracetate esterase, alkaline phophatases,/
acid posphatases
the lymphocyte is actively—-/but in contraste to the neutrophiles and the macrophages, it doesnt responed to foreign Ags by phagocytizing them, it recats differenly based on whether it’s a T cell or a B cell.
motile and it goes from the circulation to the tissues where it is needed/
Downy cells are —-
abnormal lymphocytes that can be encountered in the PB in some disease conditions such as viral infections
the 3 different types of downey cells:
1) atypical lymphocyte/2)blast like lymphocyte with a hyperbasolphlic cytoplasm/3)plasmacytoid lymphocyte
