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Anatomy I > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius Complex

  • Innervation
  • Proximal Attachments
  • Distal Attachments
  • Actions
  • Blood Supply
A

Innervation- CN XI Spinal Accessory

Proximal Attachments

  • Upper: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of CV7
  • Middle: spinous process of TV 1-6
  • Lower: spinous process of TV 7-12

Distal attachments

  • upper: lateral third of clavicle
  • middle: acromion and crest of scapular spine
  • lower: tubercle of scapular spine

Actions

  • upper: elevate scapula
  • middle: adducts (retracts) scapula
  • lower: depress scapula
  • upper and lower together: upwardly rotate scapula (inferior angle rotates laterally)

Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery

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2
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: thoracodorsal N

proximal attachment: spinous process of TV 7-12; lumbar and sacral vertbrae via thoracolumbar fascia; posterior iliac crest; ribs 9-12

distal attachment: floor of intertubercular (bicipital) groove

action: extend; adduct; and internally rotate humerus

blood supply: thoracodorsal A and branch of the subscapular A

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3
Q

levator scapulae

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: dorsal scapular N; cervical Nn of C 3-5

proximal attachment: transverse process of CV 1-4

distal attachment: medial border of scapula at level of and above the scapular spine

action: elevate scapula; downward rotation of scapula

blood supply: dorsal scapular A

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4
Q

rhomboideus

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment (minor)
  • proximal attachment (major)
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: dorsal scapular N

proximal attachment (minor): spinous process of CV 7 and TV 1; lower end of ligamentum nuchae

proximal attachment (major): spinous process of TV 2-4

distal attachment: medial border of scapula from level of scapular spine down to inferior angle

action: adducts (retracts) scapula; rotates scapula downward; fixes scapula to thoracic wall

blood supply: dorsal scapular A

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5
Q

subclavius

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: N to subclavius

proximal attachment: junction of first rib and costal cartilage 1

distal attachment: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

action: anchors and depresses clavicle

blood supply:

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6
Q

pectoralis major

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
A

innervation: medial and lateral pectoral Nn

proximal attachments:

  • clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
  • sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium and body of the sternum; costal cartilages 2-6; aponeurosis of the external oblique

distal attachments: lateral lip of the intertubercular (bicipital) groove; crest of the greater tubercle

action: adducts and internally rotates humerus;
- clavicular head: flexes humerus
- sternal head: extends humerus from a flexed position and draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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7
Q

pectoralis minor

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
A

innervation: medial pectoral N

proximal attachment: ribs 3-5 near costal cartilges

distal attachment: coracoid process

action: draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against thoracic wall (stabilizes scapula)

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8
Q

scapulohumeral musculature

A

Mm that attach the scapula to humerus. are all innervated by brachial plexus

  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • serratus anterior

Rotator Cuff (SITS)

  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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9
Q

serratus anterior

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: long thoracic N

proximal attachment: external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

distal attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

action: abducts (protracts) scapula; fixes scapula to thoracic wall preventing winging; rotates scapula upward

blood supply: lateral thoracic A

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10
Q

deltoid

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: axillary N

proximal attachment: lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion; scapular spine

distal attachment: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

action: flex, internally rotate, abduct, extend, and externally rotate humerus

blood supply: deltoid branch of thoracoacromial A

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11
Q

teres major

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: lower subscapular N

proximal attachment: inferior angle of scapula

distal attachment: crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip of bicipital groove)

action: adducts and internally rotates humerus

blood supply: circumflex scapular A

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12
Q

supraspinatus

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: suprascapular N

proximal attachment: supraspinous fossa

distal attachment: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

action: works with deltoid in abduction of humerus; works with rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint (snubs and depresses head of humerus into glenoid fossa during arm elevation

blood supply: suprascapular A

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13
Q

infraspinatus

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: suprascapular N

proximal attachment: infraspinous fossa

distal attachment: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

action: externally rotates humerus; adducts humerus; works with cuff Mm to snub and depress head of humerus into glenoid fossa during arm elevation

blood supply: suprascapular A

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14
Q

teres minor

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: axillary N

proximal attachment: middle part of lateral border of scapula

distal attachment: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

action: externally rotates humerus; adducts humerus; works with cuff Mm to snub and depress head of humerus into glenoid fossa during arm elevation

blood supply: circumflex scapular A

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15
Q

subscapularis

  • innervation
  • proximal attachment
  • distal attachment
  • action
  • blood supply
A

innervation: upper and lower subscapular Nn

proximal attachment: subscapular fossa of scapula

distal attachment: lesser tubercle of humerus

action: internally rotates and adducts humerus; works with cuff Mm to snub and depress head of humerus into glenoid fossa during arm elevation

blood supply: suprascapular A

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16
Q

joints of the shoulder complex

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral

17
Q

sternoclavicular joint

  • articulating bones
  • structural type
  • functional type
  • ligaments
A

articulating bones:

  • articular notch on sternum
  • sternal end of clavicle
  • first costal cartilage

structural type:

  • diarthrotic
  • triaxial

ligaments:

  • ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments (check ant/post movements of clavicular head)
  • costoclavicular ligament (axis for elevation/depression; axis for protraction/retraction); main check point for elevation
  • interclavicular
18
Q

acromioclavicular

  • articulating bones
  • structural type
  • functional type
  • movements
  • ligaments
A

articulating bones:

  • convex facet on lateral end of clavicle
  • concave facet on acromion process of scapula

structural type:

  • synovial
  • plane

functional type:

  • triaxial
  • diarthrotic
  • gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

movements:

  • scapular rotation: occurs around AP axis
  • winging of vertebral border of scapula: occurs around vertical axis
  • tipping of inferior angle of scapula-occurs around LF axis

ligaments:

  • acromioclavicular ligaments (superior/inferior)- reinforce joint capsule
  • coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid-lateral and conoid-medial)
19
Q

glenohumeral

  • articulating bones
  • structural type
  • functional type
  • ligaments
  • glenoid fossa
A

articulating bones

  • glenoid fossa of scapula
  • head of humerus

structural type:

  • synovial
  • ball and socket

functional type:

  • triaxial
  • diarthrotic

ligaments:

  • glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)
  • coracohumeral
  • coracoacromial

glenoid fossa:

  • fibrocartilage meniscus
  • deepens articulating surface of glenoid fossa
20
Q

abduction of scapula

abduction of shoulder

A

serratus anterior

middle deltoid; biceps brachii

21
Q

adduction of scapula

adduction of shoulder

A

middle trapezius

clavicular head of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi; assisted by: teres major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, and long triceps

22
Q

rotation of scapula

A

downward rotation: rhomboids and levator scapulae

upward rotation: serratus anterior and force couple of the upper/lower trapezius

23
Q

deltoid paralysis

A

axillary N

24
Q

serratus anterior paralysis

A

long thoracic N

25
Q

tears in rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus most often torn

26
Q

force couple

A

two parallel forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, acting on different points of the body a distance apart from each other;

e.g. upper/lower trapezius work to upwardly rotate the scapula

Anatomy I (3 decks)

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