Lecture #8

Question 1

What are the three texts where God either hypothetically or symbolically undergoes the curse of the covenant?

Answer 1

1. ) Genesis 15: God walks through cut animals while Abe is asleep
2. ) Exodus 17: God takes on himself judgment Israel deserves; God judges God with the rod of God, with which He judged the gods of Egypt.
3. ) Leviticus 16:

Question 2

What are the “8 evidences” connecting Exodus 17 with John 7-9 (Jesus and Tabernacles)?

Answer 2

1. ) References to Tabernacles (Jn 7:2)
2. ) References to Murmuring
3. ) References to testing/trial
4. ) References to stoning
5. ) References to the law
6. ) References to a moving light
7. ) References to the water
8. ) Conclusion: (1) Jn 7:46, “‘No one ever spoke the way this man does,’ the guards declared.” (2) 1 Cor 10:3-4, that the Rock was Christ.

Question 3

What are the seven (7) alternative approaches to typology, and who are their proponents?

Answer 3

1. ) Nature typology (Calvin, Edwards)
2. ) New England theocratic typology (William Bradford)
3. ) Redefined typology (G von Rad)
4. ) Narrative typology (M.D. Goulder)
5. ) Limited typology (Bishop Marsh)
6. ) Maximalist ‘Biblical typology’ (Jordon)
7. ) Controlled typology (Hugenberger)

Question 4

What are the three controls offered by Louis Berkhof for redemptive-historical ‘types’?

Answer 4

1. ) NOTABLE RESEMBLANCE: “There must be some notable real point of resemblance between a type and its antitype.”
2. ) SCRIPTURAL EVIDENCE: “There must be some scriptural evidence that it was so designed by God [to have this similarity].” (aka to be able to prove it from the text)
3. ) PREFIGURES SOMETHING FUTURE: “A type always prefigures something future…This distinguishes it from a symbol.”

Question 5

In terms of 1 Samuel 17 (David and Goliath), what are 9 common misunderstandings, according to Hugenberger?

Answer 5

1. ) Who killed Goliath? - It was David; 2 Sam 21:19 is result of copyist error.
2. ) Size of Goliath? - 6’9”, not 9’9” (copyist error)
3. ) Age of David? - He was a ‘naar,’ a designation of familial status (not himself a father), not of age; a young man.
4. ) Size of stones? - About size of tennis balls, 0.5 lbs.
5. ) Where David hit Goliath? - In the greave (armor covering the shin), not forehead.
6. ) When was Goliath killed? - When David cut off his head with his own sword.
7. ) Disposition of Goliath’s sword? - In the tent of God.
8. ) When did Saul meet David? (not covered in class)
9. ) Disposition of skull in Jerusalem? - Possibly calculated atrocity, but more likely David as a 2nd Abraham (Gen 14)

Question 6

What is the Benaiah Principle, and what is the supreme example?

Answer 6

Enemies of God’s people defeated with their own weapon(s) because of God’s judgment. The cross is supreme example of this (Through death, Jesus defeated he who holds the power of death)

Question 7

What are three keys to understanding David?

Answer 7

He is the:

1. ) Seed of the Woman
2. ) Seed of Judah
3. ) Second Abraham

Question 8

What are the corners of the “Clowney Rectangle”?

Answer 8

Clowney Rectangle (1 = top left; 2 = top right; 3 = bottom left; 4 = bottom right; “History of Redemption” spans top line from T1 to Tn)

1. T1 = some truth (to the first power), that is, some fact(s) regarding a person, event, or institution revealed in its Old Testament setting
2. Tn = some truth (to the nth power) that is revealed in its fullness in Christ and His Work.
3. S = the symbolic value (or significant) of T1. In ‘controlled typology” this is established by context and antecedent revelation.
4. A = a contemporary application

NOTES:

• Moralism goes from T1 to A
• Symbolism from S to T1, Allegory from A to S (Jerome)
• Control typology draws line of symbolism from T1 to S, then draws line of typology from S to Tn, and finally draws line of application from Tn to A.