lecture 8

Question 1

What does cholinergic mean?

Answer 1

Via acetylcholine.

Joined by an ester bond

Question 2

Describe the cholinergic transmission.

Answer 2

Same as action potential process.

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down into acetate and choline.

Question 3

How is choline recycled?

Answer 3

Back in pre synaptic terminal. Choline acetyl transferase.

Taken back to vesicles.

Question 4

Describe muscarinic receptors

Answer 4

G protein coupled, slow

Found in CNS, parasympathetic And sympathetic

Question 5

Describe nicotinic receptors

Answer 5

Ligand gated ion Channel, fast transmission.

Neuro muscular junctions, CNS, autonomic ganglia.

Question 6

What is a catechol group?

Answer 6

Benzene ring with two OH groups adjacent.

Question 7

Describe a noradrenergic synapse?

Answer 7

Same as ACh up to fuse with post synaptic membrane, but not broken down.
Reuptaken into pre synaptic.

Question 8

Describe the biosynthesis of adrenaline.

Answer 8

Lecture 8 jeez.

Question 9

What enzymes break down adrenaline?

Answer 9

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

Question 10

Describe adrenocepors

Answer 10

Alpha and beta, more subtypes now defined.

Question 11

What is a ganglion?

Answer 11

Collection of cell bodies ess outside the cns

Question 12

Describe the organisation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 12

Neuron from spinal cord sends axon to another neuron - ganglion. ACh is the nt, nicotine acetylcholine receptors.

Neuron then goes to target tissue, releases mostly noradrenalin, some adrenaline, act on adrenergic receptors.

Question 13

What are the types of ganglia coming from the spinal cord?

Answer 13

First short neuron coming out is a paravertebral ganglia.

Further away is vertebral ganglia.

Question 14

Describe the adrenal medulla.

Answer 14

Sympathetic
Derived from neuronal tissue.
ACh goes to nicotine receptors, adrenaline and noradrenaline released into the blood (4:1)

Question 15

Describe the organisation of the parasympathetic system

Answer 15

ACh to nicotine ACh receptors on ganglion. At target tissue ACh to muscarinic ACh receptors.

Question 16

What are the differences in the general organisation of para v sympathetic?

Answer 16

Para has longer axons in neuron going to ganglion since its closer to the target tissue.

Para always uses ACh at target tissue synapse.

Output of para from medullary and sacral regions (top and bottom).
Symp more even.

Question 17

What is the vagus nerve?

Answer 17

Parasympathetic nerve, make synapses in Sino atrial node and release ACh. Bind to Muscarinic receptors, decrease heart rate.

Question 18

What happens if atropine is added to the vagus nerve?

Answer 18

Antagonist to ACh, SA node fires at natural rate and heart rate increases.

Question 19

Parasympathetic output from the spinal cord is confined to the following regions:

Answer 19

medullary and sacral