lecture 8 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a source of uncertainty in self-adaptive systems (SAS)? A) The system itself
B) The context of the system
C) The programming language used
D) Humans
C) The programming language used
What does the term “model drift” refer to in the context of uncertainties? A) The change in user preferences
B) The evolution of the system’s performance over time
C) The deviation in the system’s behavior from its expected model
D) The increase in system complexity
C) The deviation in the system’s behavior from its expected model
In self-adaptive systems, what does the term “taming uncertainty” imply? A) Ignoring uncertainties
B) Achieving compliance with adaptation goals despite uncertainties
C) Increasing the number of adaptation options
D) Reducing the number of components in the system
B) Achieving compliance with adaptation goals despite uncertainties
Which of the following techniques is used for formal modeling and analysis of systems exhibiting random behavior? A) PRISM
B) UML
C) Agile methodology
D) Waterfall model
A) PRISM
What is the purpose of quantitative verification in self-adaptive systems? A) To improve user experience
B) To analyze correctness, performance, and reliability
C) To reduce the system’s complexity
D) To enhance visual representation
B) To analyze correctness, performance, and reliability
What does the symbol “S,D |= R” represent in the reference framework? A) System, Data, and Requirements
B) Specification, Environment, and Requirements
C) System, Design, and Results
D) Specification, Data, and Results
B) Specification, Environment, and Requirements
Which of the following is a property specified in PCTL? A) Time Complexity
B) Memory Usage
C) Probability of Failure
D) User Satisfaction
C) Probability of Failure
In the context of a tele-assistance system, what does “utility” refer to? A) The cost of services
B) The probability of successful execution
C) The total execution time
D) The number of users
B) The probability of successful execution
What is the role of the Kami framework in self-adaptive systems? A) To enhance user interface
B) To monitor the system using Bayesian estimation
C) To develop new programming languages
D) To manage user preferences
B) To monitor the system using Bayesian estimation
Which type of Markov model is used for analyzing the tele-assistance system? A) Continuous Time Markov Chain
B) Discrete Time Markov Chain
C) Probabilistic Timed Automata
D) Interval Markov Chains
B) Discrete Time Markov Chain
What do adaptation functions in self-adaptive systems primarily deal with? A) Enhancing visuals
B) Making decisions based on uncertainties
C) Reducing system size
D) Increasing the number of users
B) Making decisions based on uncertainties
Which of the following is a step in the adaptation process of self-adaptive systems? A) Ignore feedback
B) Document the plan
C) Reduce the number of services
D) Eliminate uncertainties
B) Document the plan
What is the significance of specifying goals in self-adaptive systems? A) It complicates the system
B) It helps in managing uncertainties
C) It reduces system performance
D) It has no significance
B) It helps in managing uncertainties
In the context of self-adaptive systems, what does the term “human in the loop” refer to? A) Humans controlling the system completely
B) Humans providing feedback and making decisions
C) Eliminating human interaction
D) Automating all processes
B) Humans providing feedback and making decisions
