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HAP1 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies located in the PNS that have similar function

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

collection of cell bodies located in the CNS that have similar function

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3
Q

CNS

A

brain, spinal cord , cranium nerves

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4
Q

PNS

A

Motor ( efferent ) Sensory ( afferent )

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5
Q

Afferent

A

Approach the CNS

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6
Q

Efferent

A

Evades the CNS

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7
Q

Tract

A

bundle of CNS axons

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8
Q

Nerve

A

bundle of axons only in the PNS

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9
Q

Motor unit

A

lower motoneuron and its associated set of muscle fibres

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10
Q

Lower motoneuron

A

Cell body in the ventral horm of the spinal cord and axon that innervates skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Upper motoneuron

A

have their cell bodies in the
forebrain/brainstem and
send their axons to activate lower motoneurons

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12
Q

Somatic

A

of the body / part of the body / things you control

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13
Q

Visceral

A

deep organs, guts inner organs

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14
Q

Grey matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies

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15
Q

White matter

A

neuronal cell axons

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16
Q

Sensory function

A

Sensory function: receptors detect internal and external
stimuli, carrying this info to your brain.

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17
Q

Integrative function

A

NS processes sensory info by
analysing, storing and making decisions.

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18
Q

Motor function

A

Upon integration, the NS elicits an
appropriate motor response, activating effectors
(muscles/glands)

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19
Q

Neurons are the parenchymal cell

A
  • Electrically excitable.
  • Use action potentials (impulse).
  • Stimulate/activate other neurons or target cells (muscle/gland).
20
Q

Action potential

A

Resting membrane potential -70 mV

21
Q

the synapse

A

Electrical vs Chemical Synapse

22
Q

Neuroglia CNS - Astrocyte

A

Astrocyte :
anchor neurons and blood vessels
regulate the Extracellular environment
Repair damaged tissue
facilitate the formation of the blood-brain barrier

feed neurons

23
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

The wall between the brain and the blood cells ( facilitated by astrocytes )

24
Q

Neurogilia CNS - Oligodendrocyte

A

Myelianate ( myelin sheath insulating ) specific axons in the CNS
makes signals faster
ie stubbing toe at night takes a while to feel pain

25
Q

Neuroglia CNS - microglial cell

A

Acts as phagocytes
fun fact brain doesn’t have white blood cells so the microglial cells

26
Q

Neuroglia CNS - Ependymal cell

A
  • line cavities
  • cilia circulate fluid around brain and spinal cord
    some secrete this fluid
27
Q

Schwann and satellite cells

A
28
Q

The skin of the brain

A
  • zero connective tissues in the brain
  • ## Meninges are like the skin of the brain
29
Q

Dura mater

A

outer part and folds of the dura mater help stabilise the position of the brain
Dural folds produce venous sinuses to drain blood from the brain
thick leather type

30
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

looks like a spiderweb in microscope
Holds in CSF

31
Q

Pia mater

A

a contains nerves & blood vessels to nourish cells

32
Q

Gyri

A

brain is folded prod

33
Q

Sulci

A
34
Q

Folding

A
35
Q

Fun fact : Everyones brain does not look the same

A

there is weak association between folds in the brain and smartness

36
Q

CNS has 4 main parts

A
37
Q

Cerebrum has 5 lobes and 4 are related to the skull bones

A
38
Q

5th lobe limibic lobe
6th lobe insula

A
39
Q

Hemispheric specialisation

A
40
Q

Cerebellum

A

Cerebellum –interactions between regions
together coordinate movement
* Ridges (folia) cover exterior cerebellar surface; separated by shallow sulci; increases surface area of region

41
Q

Brainstem

A

one of the oldest components of the brain; vital to
immediate survival
* Nuclei control/function in – Basic homeostatic functions (heart rate and breathing rhythms)
– Reflexes (programmed, automatic responses to stimuli) – Movement, sensation, and maintaining alertness

42
Q

Ventricles

A

like a system of caves in the brain
Laterals connect to the third ventricle and then run to the mesencephalic aqueduct and then go into the fourth ventricle

CSF constantly flows through these ventricles starting from the lateral ventricles

43
Q

CSF circulation

A

CSF starts producing from birth
CSF is made by the choroid plexus
Flows around the brain and spinal cord and is reabsorbed into venous circulation via arachnoid villi that pierce the dura
Blockage produces hydrocephalus
around 500 mls of CSF per day

44
Q

Thalamus

A

gateway to the cortex from the rest of the nervous system
It lies either side of the third ventricleIt receives input from all areas of the nervous system

45
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls the ANS function
This region controls
hunger, thirst, sexual
feelings, hormone
and temperature
regulation (basically, it
regulates body
homeostasis)

46
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

collection of 5 nuclei involved in the initiation of movements

47
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Brain hemispheres are connected by a bridge of axons called the corpus callosum
Some people are actually born without one and recently some people used to have it cut out who had dangerous seizures

people who have no corpus callosum may act like they have independent control of their two sides of the brain

HAP1 (6 decks)

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