Lecture 8 Flashcards
What domain is protists in?
eukarya
Are protists mainly uni or multicellular?
unicellular
How many species are there of protists?
50, 000
What type of environment do most protists live in?
aquatic
What are the functions of protists? (5)
1) photosynthesis = release O2 2) consume dangerous bacteria
3) help decompose plant matter
4) help purify wastewater
5)food sources for aquatic animals
What structures (geology) can protists make?
diatoms = insoluble shells of silica
shells of calcium carbonate = other algae
The white cliffs of dover is made of what?
dead shells of alga called coccolithophore
What type of organelles do protists have? (6)
1) nuceli (one or many)
2) Mitochondria
3) Hydrogenosomes
4) Mitosomes
5) Plastids
6) cell membrane or cell wall or glassy silica-based shells or wound with protein pellicles
How are protists classified?
method of locomotion
What are the different types of locomotion for protists? (4)
1) flagella
2) pseudopodia
3) cilia
4) nonmotile
How do flagellates move and eat?
have flagella and use absorption
How do amoeboids move and eat?
pseudopodia, phagocytosis
How do ciliates move and eat?
cilia, ingestion (mouth-like organ)
How do apicomplexa move and eat?
nonmotile (except for some stages in the life cycle), absorption
What is an ocelloid?
eye
Ciliate cells have structural analogs of? (5)
1) Mouth
2) Stomach
3) Bladder
4) Anus
5) Eye (ocelloid)
Where do paramecium live?
Inhabit pond water, oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils
Are paramecium large or small?
large
How do paramecium eat?
Paramecia are grazers, ingesting any nutritious particles they encounter (organic particles, bacteria, yeast, other protists)
What helps paramecium eat?
cilia
Where is food digested in paramecium?
food vaucle
Where is the digested nutrients excreted in paramecium?
cytoplasma
Where is undigested food excreted in paramecium?
anal pore
What is the mouth of the paramecium called?
gullet
What happens when paramecium eat toxic bacteria?
can die or develop immunity
Paramecium can associate with what? how does this relationship work?
endosymbiotic algae, The algae produce energy from light and the paramecia are motile and can move the algae towards the surface
How many nuclei do paramecium have? names?
TWO nuclei: micronucleus and macronucleus
What does the micronucleus contain?
DNA with copies of ALL genes (i.e. regular nucleus)
What does the macronucleus contain?
many (40-1,000) copies of selected genes needed for growth –RNA factory!
How do paramecia reproduce?
binary fission (asexually) and sexually (conjugation)
How do paramecia decrease how long it takes to reproduce?
the macronucleus containing 100s of copies of the genes needed to divide, has a lot of mRNA
How does sexually reproduction take place in paramecia?
connect using their gullets.
macronucleus disintegrates, and the micronucleus divides by meiosis twice (4N).
3 disintegrate and the remaining one divides by mitosis (2N) and exchange 1 copy with their mate.
After exchange, the cells separate and the 2 nuclei fuse and eventually develop into the micro and macronucleus.
What causes malaria?
plasmodium which is a protist
