Lecture 7a (Intro To Viruses)

Question 1

Non-enveloped viruses
1) What’s the outer layer?
2) less sensitive to? (Name 2 examples)
3) Spread?

Enveloped Viruses
1) Acquired by ?
2) Contains cellular ___, and ____
3) WHat happens easily?
4) transmission mode?

Answer 1

1) Capsid –> attachment
2) inactivation
3) Fecal oral spread like Poliovirus or hep A

1) Budding
2) lipid bilayer, viral proteins (glycoprotein, matrix) which facilitate viral attachment
3) Inactivation
4) Person to person through sexual or droplets
-arthropods

Question 2

Two mechs of virus entry

1) Direct fusion
- Name 4 examples
-What is the general structure?
Fusion of ___ with ____

2) Receptor mediated endocytosis
-Dependent on what for fusion ?
- Which viruses enter via this route?

Answer 2

1. Herpes, paramyxoviruses, HIV, Coronaviruses
   -multinucleated cells or syncytia
   -membrane, viral proteins
2. pH dependent endosomal vesicle fusion (amantadine for influenza)
   - non enveloped viruses

Question 3

Viral mRNA Generation

1) Positive RNA Viruses
-act like ___ . Virions do NOT contain viral ____
-They make virus ___
-Examples ?

2) Negative RNA viruses
-Not directly _____
-Virion MUST CARRY viral ____
-Name some examples

Answer 3

1. mRNA (direct translation of viral proteins)
   RdRp ,RdRp
   -Covid -19 –> remsdesivir, molnupiravir
   -Hep C –> Sofobuvir
2. Translated to viral proteins
   - RdRp
   -Influenza, measles, rabies

Question 4

Which diseases would you use antigen detection for? (3)

Which diseases would you use Serology for to detect an antibody response ?

Answer 4

Rapid influenza/COVID-19 Tests
Hep B surface ANtigen
HIV p24

HCV Ab, HBV surface Ab, core Ab, e Ab

Question 5

Ebola and Marburg

1) What kind of viruses and where?
2) Clinical manifestation?
3) transmission ?
4) Tx?
5) Prevention ?

Answer 5

1) Filo viruses -> (negative ssRNA) zoonotic in Sub Saharan Africa

2) Fatal biphasic hemorrhagic fever (dry then wet)

3) Person to person contact with blood or bodily fluids, contaminated objects

4) Inmazeb 3mAbs, Ebanga 1 mAb

5) ERVEBO vaccine