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MBCHB3: Nervous system module. > Lecture 7: The spinal cord > Flashcards

Lecture 7: The spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

In the spine what does the ventral and dorsal rootlets come together to form?

A

Ventral and dorsal root (has dorsal root ganglion) comes together to form spinal nerves

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2
Q

What attaches the spinal cord to the dura mater?

A

Denticulate ligament

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3
Q

Describe the spinal nerves;

A

The cervical vertebrae have spinal nerves passing out above them except spinal nerve 8 which passes below.

After this all spinal nerves pass below the vertebrae.

Until the spinal cord finishes around L1-2 then forming the cauda equina

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4
Q

Where does the spinal cord finish?

A

The spinal cord finishes around L1-2 and forms the cauda equina

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5
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Nerves that look like horse hair

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6
Q

What connects the the end of the spinal cord to the dura mater? and then the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale internum and then the filum terminale externum connects to the coccyx

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7
Q

Describe the potential spaces of the spinal cord:

A

Lamina of the spine
- Epidural space
Dura mater
- Subdural space
Arachnoid mater
- Subarachnoid space (CSF)
Pia mater

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8
Q

What happens to the white matter through the spinal cord?

A
  • Changes through the spinal cord
  • Cervical and lumbar enlargements because these areas are involved in controlling limbs (more muscles)
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9
Q

What are the three sub divisions of grey matter?

A
  • Sensory
  • Autonomic system and Proprioception
  • Motor
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10
Q

What is the function of rexeds laminae 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6?

A

1-2, Pain
3-4, Temperature and touch
5-6, Interneurons

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11
Q

What is the function of the DNC and IML in rexeds laminae 7?

A

DNC = Dorsal nucleus of clarke - Relay for proprioceptive information -> Cerebellum

IML = Intermediate nucleus - Control of smooth muscles (SNS)

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12
Q

What is the function of rexeds laminae 8-9?

A

Rexeds laminae 8: Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal inputs -> Modulation of motor output to muscles

Rexeds laminae 9: Skeletal muscle

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13
Q

What are the sub divisions of the white matter in the spinal cord?

A
  • Dorsal Funiculus (Gracile and cuneate nucleus)
  • Lateral Funiculus
  • Ventral Funiculus
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14
Q

Write some notes on the propriospinal tract:

A
  • Function: Coordination
  • Synapses at different levels of the spinal cord
  • Sends info from the limbs to help balance etc
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15
Q

Write some notes on the Dorsal Column Pathway in the spinal cord:

A

Function: Fine touch, vibration and proprioceptive info

Somatotopically arranged: Lower limbs are more medial, arms more lateral

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16
Q

Write some notes on the dorsal spinocerebellar tract:

A

Info: Stretch, golgi, proprioceptive to the cerebellum

17
Q

What is the function of the CST?

A

Motor function

18
Q

What is the function of the ventral spinocerebellar tract?

A

Same as dorsal spinocerebellar

Golgi, stretch, proprioceptive

19
Q

What is the function of the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

A

Pain and temperature

20
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinothalamic pathway?

A

True touch

21
Q

Describe the termination of dorsal root afferents;

A
  • Unmyelinated C fibers (layer 1-2) or finely myelinated A fibers (layer 2-4); Pain and temperature
  • Myelinated A fibers; Touch, vibration, proprioception
22
Q

Describe the ventral root efferents:

A
  • Alpha motor neurons (LMN) and gamma motor neurons originate from rexeds layer 9
  • Sympathetic (t1-L2) preganglionic neurons originate from the ILN (Smooth muscle)
23
Q

Whats the function of gamma motor neurons?

A

Return the muscle spindles to normal length following stretch.

24
Q

What are the intrinsic connections of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Spinal interneurons i.e pain reflex
  2. Intrasegmental commissural neurons (coordinate within spinal cord responses (i.e inputs between both sides)
  3. Intersegmental neuron - Enters propriospinal tract (walking, swing arms for balance)
25
Q

What are the extrinsic connections of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract - (Contralateral pathways)
Dorsal spinothalamic tract (Neurons in clarkes nucleus) (Ipsilateral pathway)

TO brain

26
Q

What supplies the posterior spinal cord and anterior spinal cord?

A

Post. spinal artery and anterior spinal artery

27
Q

Describe the blood vessels of the spinal cord:

A

Spinal branch of local artery feeds into ant. and posterior radicular arteries that travel through the horns. Note they supply the spinal nerves as they travel through here. These feed into the ant. and post. spinal arteries. Therefore damage to either local supply will have differing impacts on the spinal cord.

28
Q

What does the ant. spinal art. run in?

A

Runs in the ventral median fissure

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MBCHB3: Nervous system module. (39 decks)

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