Lecture 7 - MSK testing Flashcards by Lena Walther

What construct does grip strength measure?

strength

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What construct does push-ups measure?

endurance

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What construct does sit and reach measure?

flexibility

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What construct does back extension measure?

endurance

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What construct does 1-leg stance measure?

balance

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_______ ______= the maximum force that a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single contraction (or over a very brief period)

muscle strength

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_______ _____ = the submaximal force that a muscle or muscle group can sustain over number of repetitions or over an extended period of time.

muscle endurance

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What are 2 things to consider when assessing muscular strength and endurance?

Joint angle and ROM

2. Velocity of contraction

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Dynamometers and cable tensiometers are measures of _____ muscular strength and endurance.

static

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Free weights and resistance machines are measures of _____ muscular strength and endurance.

dynamic

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________ = the maximal force that a muscle group can exert without movement.

MVIC (maximal voluntary isometric contraction)

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MVIC is specific to joint ______ and muscle _____.

angle; group

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_____ to ____ correlations with simulated work tasks for physically demanding occupations.

moderate to strong (0.63-0.91)

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Reliability estimates exceed _____ for each test.

0.94

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What is shown to be predictive of functional limitations later in life?

grip strength

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In 1RM protocols, 1RM should be determined within __-__ maximal efforts.

3-5

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What is the most common way to express maximal strength values?

absolute or relative values

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______ strength = maximal amount of force measured by a strength test with no adjustments for body mass

absolute

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______ strength = divide test outcome by body mass.

relative

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Strong relationship between muscle endurance and ____.

1 RM

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Can predict ____ from muscle endurance tests.

1RM

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What is the CSEP end criteria and repetition scoring for push ups?

max # before loss in form

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For what test is it important to prescreen for LBP first?

Back extension

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Jumping tests and sprints (are/are not) highly correlated with mechanically measured power.

are not

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Two different people will not generate the same power if they don't ______ the same,e

weigh

_____ ____ = the peak capability of a muscle to generate force.

muscular power

______ _____ = the maximum rate of ATP utilization using anaerobic metabolism, per unit time.

anaerobic power

The Cunningham and Faulkner tests are measure of what?

Anaerobic capacity

What is the reliability of the Cunningham and Faulkner test?

0.76-0.91

The _____ measures leg power.

WAT

What is the reliability of the WAT?

r = 0.89-0.98

What is the equation of power for Margaria-Kalamen Stair Sprint Test?

P = (mass x 9.81 distance)/time

What three ways can the VJ be scored?

1. Height jumped 2. Power 3. Force

_______ transfer between linear sprinting and agility.

limited

What are the 4 types of flexibility?

1. Static 2. Dynamic 3. Passive 4. Active

How many trials should be completed for flexibility testing?

How many valid tests are there of general flexibility?

NONE!

Flexibility is highly ______ to the joint and specific tissues.

specific

What are 6 major factors limiting flexibility?

1. Warm up 2. Age 3. Gender 4. Inactivity 5. Body type 6. Size and strength of opposing muscle group

_______ can be very reliable and valid if proper protocol is followed.

goniometry

With goniometry, what are validity and reliability highly dependent upon?

1) joint being measured and 2) technician skill

Goniometry measures the ROM as the difference between the joint _______ and the ______ of the movement.

angles; extremes

Sit and reach has (good/poor) criterion-related validity and unrelated to self-reported LBP.

poor

Sit and reach test to evaluate the ______ flexibility of lower back and hamstring muscles,

static

______ is the ability to keep the body's COG within the base of support when maintaining a static position, performing voluntary movements, or reacting to external disturbances.

balance

What is a direct measure of balance?

using force plates

Using force plates to measure balance, ______ and _____ coordinates of center of pressure are derived.

anteroposterior and mediolateral

What 3 things do force plates provide data about?

1. Postural sway 2. Steadiness 3. Weight distribution

What is a measure of isometric strength?

Grip strength

What does ACSM recommend for assessing upper and lower body strength?

Bench press and leg press

What is included in a 6-item strength testing battery?

Upper body: bench press, arm curl and lat pulldown | Lower body: leg press, extension and leg curl

How many sets and reps should be done at 40-60% estimated 1RM?

1 set; 5-10 reps

How many sets and reps should be done at 60-80% of estimated 1RM?

1-2 sets; 3-5 reps

For partial curl up protocol, how many cm should the tape be apart for clients under 45 years? For over 45 years?

12cm;8cm

How heavy is the BB for females in the YMCA bench press test protocol? For males?

35 lbs;80 lbs

What is the starting position for YMCA bench press?

BB starting on chest

What is the YMCA bench press a measure of?

Absolute muscle endurance

What is the formula for determining % dealing in force production in grip endurance?

Final force/initial force x 100

The 30 s chair stand test measures what?

lower body endurance

______ flexibly is the measure of total ROM of a joint, limited by extensibility of the musculotendinous unit.

static

________ flexibility is a measure of the rate of resistance developed during stretching while moving throughout the ROM.

dynamic

________ flexibility requires the use of an external force.

Passive

______ flexibility has an agonist move a body part through a ROM imposing a stretch on the antagonist.

active

For flexibility testing, have client person a ______ warm up and ______ stretching prior to test.

general; static

Validity and reliability of goniometry is highly dependent on the _______ being measured and _______ ______.

joint; technician skill

What 2 things are intratester and intertester reliability of goniometric measurement affected by?

1. Identification of axis of rotation | 2. Palpating bony landmarks

There is high agreement between ROM measured by _______ and universal goniometers.

radiographs

What is the first step in goniometry?

Place the center of the instrument so it coincides with the fulcrum, or axis of rotation, of the joint.

What is the second step in goniometry?

Align the arms of the goniometer with bony landmarks along the longitudinal axis of each moving body segment.

What is the third step in goniometry?

Measure the ROM as the difference between the joint angles (degrees) at the extremes of the movement,

What are 2 examples of a linear measurement of flexibility?

Sit and reach; back scratch

What are 5 pros of isotonic strength testing?

1. Relatively inexpensive 2. Accessible - different types of type equipment can be used 3. Easy to learn how to administer most tests 4. Construct and face validity 5. Correlates better with sports performance

What are 5 cons of isotonic strength testing?

1. Can't obtain strength curve - measures weakest point in ROM 2. Risk of injury if free weights are used 3. Equipment specific 4. Can be time consuming 5. Can be difficult to find 1RM, involves technique

What are 3 pros of isometric testing?

1. Norm data is easily accessible 2. Can be used to test a variety of muscle groups 3. Strong research base

What are 3 cons of isometric testing?

1. Only one joint angle can be tested at a time 2. Does not provide a strength curve 3. Limited transferability to real-life movements

What are 3 cons of variable resistance machines?

1. Difficult to match strength curves of different muscle groups 2. Difficult to assess clients actual strength because force is altered throughout ROM 3. Don't fit everyone

What are 2 pros of variable resistance machines?

1. No spotter required | 2. More beneficial for training than testing

What are 3 cons of constant resistance machines?

1. Some have large weight increments 2. Limit ROM and plane of movement 3. Dont fit everyone

What are 2 pros of constant resistance machines?

1. No spotter required | 2. Expensive but safe

What is a con of using free weights?

1. Spotter required

What are 2 pros of using free weights?

1. Increase neuromuscular coordination | 2. Allow full ROM