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EPHE 444 > Lecture 6 - Body Composition > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What are three reasons to assess body composition?

A
  1. Classify disease risk
  2. Sport performance
  3. Weight management
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2
Q

What are 2 methods of measuring body composition CSEP uses?

A
  1. BMI

2. Waist circumference

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3
Q

What are 4 methods to measure % body fat?

A
  1. Densitometry
  2. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
  3. Bioelectrical impedance
  4. Skinfold measurements
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4
Q

BMI does not account for _______ of fat mass vs FFM

A

composition

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5
Q

r = 0.70 in correlation with ________ _______.

A

hydrostatic weighing

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6
Q

BMI < 18.5

A

Underweight; increased risk

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7
Q

BMI 18.5-24.9

A

Normal weight; least risk

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8
Q

BMI 25-29.9

A

Overweight; increased risk

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9
Q

BMI 30-34.9

A

Obese class I; high risk

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10
Q

BMI 35-39.9

A

Obese class II; very high risk

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11
Q

BMI >40

A

Obese class II; extremely high risk

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12
Q

______ _______ is an indirect assessment of abdominal adiposity.

A

waist circumference

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13
Q

WC for men > or equal to 90

A

high risk

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14
Q

WC for men > or equal to 100

A

very high risk

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15
Q

WC for men > or equal to 110

A

extremely high risk

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16
Q

WC for men > or equal to 125

A

extremely high risk

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17
Q

WC for women > or equal to 80

A

high risk

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18
Q

WC for women > or equal to 90

A

very high risk

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19
Q

WC for women > or equal to 105

A

extremely high risk

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20
Q

WC for women > or equal to 115

A

extremely high risk

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21
Q

WC for women > or equal to 125

A

extremely high risk

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22
Q

Resistance trained clients who have a BMI in the overweight category but a WC below the cutoffs are (likely/unlikely) to be at increased health risk.

A

unlikely

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23
Q

___________ = measurement of the size and proportion of the human body

A

anthropometry

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24
Q

What is the healthy range for men?

A

teens

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25
Q

What is the obese rage for men?

A

> 22-25%

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26
Q

What is the healthy range for women?

A

twenties

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27
Q

What is the obese range for women?

A

> 35-38%

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28
Q

_________ estimates body density by determining the ratio of body mass to body volume.

A

densitometry

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29
Q

What is the equation for body density?

A

BD = BM/BV

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30
Q

What are the two methods of densitometry?

A
  1. Hydrostatic weighing (hydrodensitometry)

2. Air displacement plethysmography (bod pod)

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31
Q

________ _______ is the criterion measure used for development of %BF prediction equations and validation of field measurements.

A

hydrostatic weighing

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32
Q

A leaner person is going to have a (higher/lower) underwater weight compared to a person weighting the same but with a different body comp.

A

higher

33
Q

What is the equation for BV for hydrostatic weighing?

A

[(dry wt - underwater wt)/(density of water)] - (RV + 100mL)

34
Q

What is the equation for BD for hydrostatic weighing?

A

dry weight/BV

35
Q

____-_______ model is the foundation for many techniques to measure % body fat.

A

two component

36
Q

Body mass = ?

A

fat mass (FM) + fat-free mass (FFM)

37
Q

What is the density of FM?

A

0.901 g/cc

38
Q

What is the density of FFM?

A

1.100 g/cc

39
Q

Individuals differ from the reference body only in the amount of ___, and the proportional contribution of FFM components are constant

A

fat

40
Q

Water = __%

A

73.8

41
Q

Minerals = ___%

A

6.8

42
Q

Protein = ___%

A

19.4

43
Q

FFM ______ can vary substantially according to age, gender, physical activity level, ethnicity, relative proportion of water and mineral, and level of fatness.

A

density

44
Q

When do 2C models work well when?

A

If underlying assumptions about FFM are met.

45
Q

_________ models improve estimation of %BF by replacing the ‘reference body’ with a population specific body that takes into account age, gender, ethnicity and level of physical activity.

A

multicomponent

46
Q

Air displacement _______ compares column and ______ of front chamber with the reference chamber to determine the volume of the individual.

A

plethysmography; pressure

47
Q

Dual Energy X-Ray absorptiometry uses X-rays and a ___ _____ model of assessment.

A

3-component

48
Q

Total body weight = ?

A

Bone mineral mass + bone free lean tissue + fat mass

49
Q

Attentuation of X-rays is dependent on what 3 things

A
  1. Thickness
  2. Density
  3. Composition of tissues
50
Q

What is the reliability measure of DEXA?

A

r > 0.95

51
Q

______ _______ measures resistance to electric current to estimate %BF.

A

bioelectrical impedance

52
Q

Water reduces resistance and current moves easily in a (lean/fatty) tissue.

A

lean!

53
Q

Dehydration or adipose tissue _____ current = fatter tissue.

A

slows

54
Q

________ level determines resistance of tissues to flow or electrical current.

A

hydration

55
Q

How variable is BIA?

A

3-8%! (high)

56
Q

Skinfold measurements (SKF) correlated with body density for hydrostatic weighing ( r = ____).

A

0.76

57
Q

SKF ________ measure thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

A

indirectly

58
Q

What are 4 assumptions of SKF measurements?

A
  1. SKF is a good measure of subcutaneous fat
  2. Fat distribution (subcutaneous vs. internal) is similar for all individuals within each gender
  3. There is a relationship between sum of SKF and body density
  4. The sum of several SKFs can be used to estimate total body fat
59
Q

Estimated that ____ of body fat is subcutaneous.

A

1/3

60
Q

What is a major source of error in test administration of the SKF procedure?

A

Landmark sites

61
Q

What 6 things can FFM density vary with?

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Physical activity level
  4. Ethnicity
  5. Relative proportion of water and mineral
  6. Level of fatness
62
Q

________ measurements are correlated with body density from hydrostatic weighing (r = 0.76)

A

SKF

63
Q

What are 3 key limitations to SKF measures?

A
  1. Client sensitivity to having SKF measured
  2. Substantial intra and inter-tester variability in SKF thickness
  3. Time required for training, practice and accurate administration
64
Q

For multicomponent models, the reference body used has a population specific body that takes into account what 4 things?

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Level of physical activity
65
Q

What is the reliability of the bod pod?

A

r = 0.9 - 0.96

66
Q

How reliable is the DEXA?

A

> 0.95

67
Q

Muscle cell = ____% water, fat cell = __ - __ % water

A

75; 5-13

68
Q

What are 4 pre test guidelines for BIA?

A
  1. No eating or drinking within 4 hours of test
  2. No exercise within 12 hours
  3. No alcohol within 48 hours
  4. Urinate within 30 minutes of test
69
Q

There is a strong correlation between ___ site SKF and ___.

A

12; MRI

70
Q

Leaner individuals have a (higher/lower) proportion of internal fat.

A

HIGHER

71
Q

What are 4 pros of SKF?

A
  1. Relatively inexpensive
  2. Easily administered by trained individuals
  3. Can esteem the % BF
  4. Reliable (r=0.9) with experienced testers
72
Q

What are 3 cons of SKF?

A
  1. Requires practice
  2. Limited population (overeat, fascia etc.)
  3. Variability in equations
73
Q

What are 3 pros of BIA?

A
  1. Fairly inexpensive
  2. Easily administered and minimal training required
  3. Quick - provides results instantly
74
Q

What are 3 cons of BIA?

A
  1. Variable
  2. Pre-test guidelines
  3. Electrical pathway (anklet ankle, ankle to hand)?
75
Q

What are 5 pros of DEXA?

A
  1. Gaining recognition as a criterion measure
  2. Safe - low radiation
  3. Quick (20 mins)
  4. Requires minimal client cooperation
  5. Estimates other components not obtained bu densitometry and provides regional and segmental composition
76
Q

What are 4 cons of DEXA?

A
  1. Each manufacturer comes with own model and software version
  2. May require licensed technician to run scan
  3. Not recommended for pregnant women
  4. Some clients might not fit dimensions of bed
77
Q

What are 5 pros of the bod pod?

A
  1. Quick (5-10mins)
  2. Requires less technician skill
  3. Requires minimal client cooperation
  4. Reliable (0.9-0.96)
  5. Appropriate with hydrophobic clients
78
Q

What are 4 cons of the bod pod?

A
  1. Size restriction because of chamber size
  2. May be more suitable in clinical settings
  3. Must have approved clothing and swim cap
  4. No beards

EPHE 444 (7 decks)

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