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Kine 2P05 - Final Exam > Lecture 7 - Motor Learning > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What is Motor Learning?

A
  1. Changes in a set of internal Processes
  2. Leads to a relatively permanent change in performance
  3. Occurs with practice and experience
  4. Must be inferred
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2
Q

Compare Motor performance to Motor Learning

A
  1. MP is observable; ML is inferred
  2. MP may represent temporary change; ML is relatively permanent change
  3. MP may not be due to practice; ML is due to practice
  4. MP is influence by performance variables; ML is not
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3
Q

What is neural plasticity?

A

The ability to show modification

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4
Q

What is Short-term Functional Plasticity?

A

Changes is the strength of synaptic connections between nerve cells

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5
Q

What is Structural Plasticity?

A

Changes in the organization and number of connections between nerve cells.

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6
Q

What is Long Term Memory?

A

Your relatively permanent store of information.

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7
Q

What is Declarative Memory and what is the sub types of declarative memory? Define them.

A

Declarative memory - memory for facts(semantic) or events(episodic)
Semantic - knowing the Eiffel tower is in Paris
Episodic - going to the Eiffel Tower
Declarative Memory is knowing what to do in a particular movement situation.

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8
Q

What is Procedural Memory?

A

Memory for skills or behaviours
Knowing how to do a particular motor skill

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9
Q

Who is Patient HM?

A

Could learn new motor skills despite not being able to remember learning them

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10
Q

What is Motor Memory?
Name the 3 Stages within motor memory

A

Motor memory = representation in long term memory of the motor action that is acquired through practice or experience
3 Stages
- Encoding
- Consolidation
- Retrieval

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11
Q

Relate the 3 LTM systems to motor skills.

A

Declarative Episodic - what happened last time in this situation
Declarative semantic - retrieval of rules that you have learned to use in this situation(what to do)
Procedural - puts movement plan into motion(how to do it)

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12
Q

What is the encoding stage of Motor Memory?

A

Where motor memory is formed

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13
Q

What is the consolidation stage of motor memory?

A

Where motor memory becomes stable over time

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14
Q

What is the retrieval stage of motor memory?

A

Motor memory is accessed/recalled to be used

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15
Q

What are the 4 performance characteristics used to infer Motor learning?
When are they used?

A
  1. Improvement - during practice/acquisition
  2. Consistency - during practice/acquisition
  3. Persistence - during retention
  4. Adaptability - during transfer
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16
Q

What is the improvement characteristic?

A

performance improves over a period of time
look at performance curves - this will be the increase
need to define practice length

17
Q

What is the consistency characteristic?

A

Performance more stable: can deal with internal or external perturbations
This will be the plateaus on performance curves

18
Q

What do performance curves tell us?

A

The rate of improvement over the course of practice
individual differences

19
Q

What are the different types of performance curves?
What do these represent?

A

Linear - direct relationship between improvement in performance and time
Negatively accelerating - large initial improvement in performance, which slows later in practice
Positively Accelerating - slow improvement early, then rapidly improve later in practice
S-Shaped - start slow, rapidly improve, plateau again

20
Q

What do the Plateaus in performance curves represent?

A

Consistency (skill learned) or learning may still occur

21
Q

What contributes to performance plateaus?
What do these variables mean?

A
  1. Motivation
  2. Attention
  3. Arousal
  4. Fatigue
  5. New Strategy
  6. Measurement Technique
    Changes in these variable may influence performance and not allow you to see if improvement(learning) occurs
22
Q

Does Performance Curve equal Learning Curve?

A

NO!

23
Q

What is the Persistence Characteristic?

A

Performance lasts over increasing periods of time

24
Q

What is a retention test?

A

Test of a practiced skill performed following an interval of time after practice has ceased

25
Q

Can feedback be given during a retention test?

A

No.

26
Q

Consolidation Period is _______________.

A

Sleep Dependent

27
Q

Practice Period = _______

A

Encoding

28
Q

Retention Interval = _________

A

Consolidation

29
Q

Retention Test = _______

A

Retrieval

30
Q

What does Performance on Retention Test show us?

A
  • Compare Performance curves to retention test results
  • 2 people can have similar performance curves but different retention results
  • Retention Test = Better indication of Learning
31
Q

What has the best indication of Learing? Why?

A

Retention Test
- test assesses relatively permanent change

32
Q

What is the Adaptability Characteristic?

A

Skill is able to be used in a variety of situations (novelty variations)

33
Q

What is a Transfer Test?
What are the Sub types?

A

Transfer Test = test to measure the amount of learning that can be transferred to a different task or situation
Far Transfer - learning that occurs from 1 task to another very different task
Near Transfer(generalization) - learning that occurs from 1 task to a very similar task

34
Q

When should a Transfer Test be done?

A

During the Retention test stage; have the person perform a transfer test

35
Q

Performance Curves for Transfer Tests -
What type of transfers are there?
What parts can transfer?

A

Transfer Types
Zero Transfer = no transfer between skills
Positive Transfer = facilitation of learning a new skill as a result of previous learning on another skill
Negative Transfer = inhibition of learning a new skill as a result of previous learning on another skill
Parts that can Transer
Movement Elements = Motor patterns leading to correct performance
Perceptual Elements = Interpretation of stimuli leading to correct performance
Conceptual Elements = guidelines or strategies leading to correct performance

Kine 2P05 - Final Exam (4 decks)

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